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Endophytic Fungi: Role in Phosphate Solubilization

  • Preeti Mehta
  • Rashmi Sharma
  • Chayanika Putatunda
  • Abhishek Walia
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Fungal Biology book series (FUNGBIO)

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is the primary nutrient element needed for overall plant growth and crop productivity. The global farming practices are majorly dependent on the use of synthetic phosphate fertilizers. But the cost of synthetic fertilizers, their associated negative impact on human and environment, and frequent precipitation and immobilization of phosphorus in soil have led agriculturalists to look for alternative strategies that could enhance plant growth by maintaining soluble phosphorus pool in soil. Microbial communities, including fungi, possess the ability for phosphate solubilization and mineralization. In soil, P-solubilizing fungi constitute about 0.1–0.5% of the total fungal populations. Among them endophytic fungi are the major contributors. Endophytes represent the soil microbial population that can colonize plants without inducing any apparent disease symptoms. The major endophytic P-solubilizing fungi belong to the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Piriformospora, Curvularia, and another class of endophytic symbionts arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. P-solubilizing endophytic fungi are more competitive and aggressive colonizers than non-endophytic microbes. Considering the vast array of benefits of using endophytic fungi for plant P nutrition, this chapter focuses on the role of endophytic and mycorrhizal fungi in P-solubilization and mineralization, their mechanisms involved, development and mode of application of endophytic fungal inoculants, and their various mechanisms of plant growth promotion and crop productivity.

Keywords

Endophytic fungi AM fungi Phosphate solubilization Growth promotion 
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© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  • Preeti Mehta
    • 1
  • Rashmi Sharma
    • 2
  • Chayanika Putatunda
    • 2
  • Abhishek Walia
    • 2
  1. 1.Centre of Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation LimitedFaridabadIndia
  2. 2.Department of MicrobiologyDAV UniversityJalandharIndia

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