Abstract
Ornette D. Clennon reflects on the presence of ‘whiteness’ in his childhood. Clennon also recollects how, within the wider context of his family, the invisibility of ‘whiteness’ shaped his formative years as a child and young adult. Clennon then uses these experiences to trace his development into a scholar activist in so doing explaining the importance of social justice to his research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Works Cited
Akom, A. A. (2008). Black Metropolis and Mental Life: Beyond the “Burden of ‘Acting White’” Toward a Third Wave of Critical Racial Studies. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 39(3), 247–265.
Alexander, J. (1977). The Culture of Race in Middle-Class Kingston. Jamaica. American Ethnologist, 4(3), 413–435.
Alibhai-Brown, Y. (2000). After Multiculturalism. London: Foreign Policy Centre.
Allen, K. (2016, April 15). BAME Graduates ‘2.5 Times More Likely to Be Jobless Than White Peers’. Retrieved from The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/apr/15/bame-graduates-25-times-more-likely-to-be-jobless-than-white-peers.
Altman, N. (2006). Whiteness. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, LXXV(1), 45–72.
Andrews, K. (2018a). Back to Black: Retelling Black Radicalism for the 21st Century. London: Zed Books.
Andrews, K. (2018b, July 18). Why Do Black Male Graduates Earn £7,000 Less Per Year Than Their White Peers? Retrieved from The Guardian. https://amp.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2018/jul/18/why-do-black-male-graduates-earn-7000-less-per-year-than-their-white-peers?CMP=share_btn_tw&__twitter_impression=true.
Appiah, K. A. (2016, November 9). There Is No Such Thing as Western Civilisation. Retrieved from The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/09/western-civilisation-appiah-reith-lecture.
Archer, L. (2008). The Impossibility of Minority Ethnic Educational ‘Success’? An Examination of the Discourses of Teachers and Pupils in British Secondary Schools. European Educational Research Journal, 7(1), 89–107.
Archer, L., & Francis, B. (2007). Understanding Minority Ethnic Achievement: Race, Gender, Class and ‘Success’. London: Routledge.
Austin, R. (2018, August 2). Cressida Dick Is Right: The Middle Class Need to Realise Drugs Cause Misery. Retrieved from The Guardian. https://amp.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/aug/02/cressida-dick-is-right-the-middle-class-need-to-realise-that-drugs-cause-misery?__twitter_impression=true.
Austin-Broos, D. J. (1994). Race/Class: Jamaica’s Discourse of Heritable Identity. New West Indian Guide/Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 68(3–4), 213–233.
Balibar, E. (1991). Is There a “Neo-racism”? In E. Balibar & I. Wallerstein (Eds.), Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities (pp. 17–28). New York: Verso.
Baudrillard, J. (1981). Simulacra and Simulation. Ann Arbor: University Michigan Press.
Baudrillard, J. (1998 [1970]). The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures. London: Sage.
Bentham, J. (1787). Panopticon: Or the Inspection-House. Dublin: Thomas Byrne.
Bhopal, K. (2018, April 11). Towards a Post-racial Society: How to Make Universities More Inclusive. Retrieved from The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2018/apr/11/towards-a-post-racial-society-how-to-make-universities-more-inclusive.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (R. Nice, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Butler, J. (1997). The Psychic Life of Power. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Choudry, A. (2015). Learning Activism: The Intellectual Life of Contemporary Social Movements. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Clennon, O. D. (2013, November 18). What’s the Problem with Black Masculinities? Retrieved March 13, 2014, from Media Diversified. http://mediadiversified.org/2013/11/18/whats-the-problem-with-black-masculinities/.
Clennon, O. D. (2015a). Urban Dialectics, the Market and Youth Engagement: The ‘Black’ Face of Eurocentrism. New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Clennon, O. D. (2015b). Holdin’ on: A Case Study into Performing Masculinities at a Young Offenders’ Institution. In T. Afuape & G. Hughes (Eds.), Towards Emotional Well-Being Through Liberation Practices: A Dialogical Approach (pp. 51–63). London: Routledge.
Clennon, O. D. (2016). The Black Face of Eurocentrism: Uncovering Globalisation. In O. D. Clennon (Ed.), International Perspectives of Multiculturalism: The Ethical Challenges (pp. 91–128). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Clennon, O. D. (2017). The Polemics of C.L.R. James and Contemporary Black Activism. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Clennon, O. D. (2018, June 26). An Ethnographic Study into the Educational Experiences of the Mancunian Children of the Windrush Generation. Retrieved from Critical Race and Ethnicity Research Cluster. https://critracemmu.wordpress.com/an-ethnographic-study-into-the-educational-experiences-of-the-mancunian-children-of-the-windrush-generation/.
Coburn, D. (2004). Beyond the Income Inequality Hypothesis: Class, Neo-liberalism, and Health Inequalities. Social Science and Medicine, 58(1), 41–56.
Cole, M. (2018, July 20). The ‘Strong Black Woman’ Stereotype Is Harming Our Mental Health. Retrieved from The Guardian. https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jul/20/strong-black-woman-stereotype-mental-health-depression-self-harm?__twitter_impression=true.
Coles, R. L., & Green, C. (Eds.). (2010). The Myth of the Missing Black Father. New York: Columbia University Press.
Crozier, G. (2005). ‘There’s a War Against Our Children’: Black Educational Underachievement Revisited. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 26(5), 585–598.
Darder, A. (1991). Culture and Power in the Classroom: A Critical Foundation for Bicultural Education. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey.
Demie, F. (2005). Achievement of Black Caribbean Pupils: Good Practice in Lambeth Schools. British Educational Research Journal, 31(4), 481–508.
Doharty, N. (2015). ‘Hard Time Pressure Inna Babylon’: Why Black History in Schools Is Failing to Meet the Needs of BME Students at Key Stage 3. In C. Alexander, D. Weekes-Bernard, & J. Arday (Eds.), The Runnymede School Report: Race, Education and Inequality in Contemporary Britain (pp. 51–55). London. Available at https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/files/32382771/FULL_TEXT.PDF#page=53:Runnymede.
Douglass, L. (1992). The Power of Sentiment: Love, Hierarchy and the Jamaican Family Elite. Boulder: Westview Press.
Du Bois, W. (1903). The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches (2nd ed.). Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
Fanon, F. (1986 [1952]). Black Skin, White Masks (C. L. Markmann, Trans.). London: Pluto Press.
Frosh, S., Phoenix, A., & Pattman, R. (2002). Young Masculinities: Understanding Boys in Contemporary Society. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Fukui, M. (2018, July 28). Being a Good, Quiet and Assimilated ‘Model Minority’ Is Making Me Angry. Retrieved from The Guardian. https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/28/being-a-good-quiet-and-assimilated-model-minority-is-making-me-angry?__twitter_impression=true.
Gillborn, D. (1995). Racism, Modernity and Schooling: New Directions in Antiracist Theory and Practice. First Draft. San Francsico, CA: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Available at https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED383801.pdf.
Graeber, D. (2006). Turning Modes of Production Inside Out: Or, Why Capitalism Is a Transformation of Slavery. Critique of Anthropology, 26(1), 61–85.
Hall, S. (1986a). The Problem with Ideology: Marxism Without Guarantees. Journal of Communication Enquiry, 10(2), 28–44.
Hall, S. (1986b). On Postmodernism and Articulation: An Interview with Stuart Hall (L. Grossberg, Ed.). Journal of Communication Inquiry, 10(2), 45–60.
Hall, S. (1996). New Ethnicities. In D. Morley & K.-H. Chen (Eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies (pp. 441–449). London: Routledge.
Harris-Perry, M. V. (2011). Sister Citizen: Shame, Stereotypes, and Black Women in America. London and New Haven: Yale University Press.
Hayek, F. (1976). The Market-Order or Catallaxy. In F. Hayek (Ed.), Law, Legislation and Liberty (Vol. 2, pp. 107–132). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hoetink, H. (1973). Slavery and Race Relations in the Americas: An Inquiry into Their Nature and Nexus. New York: Harper & Row.
James, C. E. (2012). Students “at Risk”: Stereotypes and the Schooling of Black Boys. Urban Education, 47(2), 464–494.
Kennelly, I. (1999). “THAT SINGLE-MOTHER ELEMENT”: How White Employers Typify Black Women. Gender and Society, 13(2), 168–192.
Khan, C. (2017, November 16). Do Universities Have a Problem with Promoting Their BAME Staff? Retrieved from The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2017/nov/16/do-universities-have-a-problem-with-promoting-their-bame-staff.
Larrain, J. (1996). Stuart Hall and the Marxist Concept of Ideology. In D. Morley & K.-H. Chen (Eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies (pp. 47–70). London: Routledge.
Lee, M. (2007). HMPYOI Werrington: Sonic [db] Music Technology in Prisons [Radio Broadcast] BBC Radio Stoke (an inmate, 3:57) Monday July 24. Available at http://youtu.be/65Hu7vi7Ykc. Accessed February 12, 2013.
MacDonald, I., Bhavnani, R., Khan, L., & John, G. (1989). Murder in the Playground: The Report of the MacDonald Inquiry into Racismand Racial Violence in Manchester Schools. London: Longsight Press.
Madriga, M. (2018). Antiblackness in English Higher Education. International Journal of Inclusive Education [online]. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1512660.
Maldonado Torres, N. (2005). Frantz Fanon and C.L.R. James on Intellectualism and Enlightened Rationality. Caribbean Studies, 33(2), 149–194.
Mckenley, J. (2001). The Way We Were: Conspiracies of Silence in the Wake of the Empire Windrush. Race Ethnicity and Education, 4(4), 309–328.
McPherson. (1999, February). The MacPherson Report. Retrieved September 2, 2013, from Büro zur Umsetzung von Gleichbehandlung. http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm42/4262/4262.htm.
Millward, C. (2018, April 9). Wealthy, White Students Still Do Best at University. We Must Close the Gap. Retrieved from The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2018/apr/09/wealthy-white-students-still-do-best-at-university-we-must-close-the-gap.
Modood, T., & May, S. (2001). Multiculturalism and Education in Britain: An Internally Contested Debate. International Journal of Educational Research, 35(3), 305–317. Available at https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/30657839/multiculturalism_education_britain.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1530451103&Signature=sHNVI0N0X6%2BDChqHe1zZTvbJwN0%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%2.
Odih, P. (2002). Mentors and Role Models: Masculinity and the Educational ‘Underachievement’ of Young Afro-Caribbean Males. Race Ethnicity and Education, 5(1), 91–105.
Puwar, N. (2004). Space Invaders: Race, Gender and Bodies Out of Place. Oxford: Berg Publishers.
Quijano, A. (2000). Coloniality of Power and Eurocentrism in Latin America. International Sociology, 15(2), 215–232.
Rampton. (1981). The Rampton Report: West Indian Children in Our Schools. Retrieved September 2, 2013, from Education in England. http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/rampton/rampton1981.html.
Rhamie, J. (2012). Achievement and Underachievement: The Experiences of African Caribbeans. Race Ethnicity and Education, 15(5), 683–704.
Rhamie, J., & Hallam, S. (2002). An Investigation into African-Caribbean Academic Success in the UK. Race Ethnicity and Education, 5(2), 151–170.
Richardson, J. T., Alden Rivers, B., & Whitelock, D. (2015). The Role of Feedback in the Under-Attainment of Ethnic Minority Students: Evidence from Distance Education. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 40(4), 557–573.
Scarman. (1981). The Scarman Report (pp. 204–206 ). London: HMSO. Available at http://www.univ-paris13.fr/ANGLICISTES/POIRIER/IUFM/TextesIUFM/1981Scarman.pdf.
Sher, S., Hudlin, R., Savone, P. (Producers), & Tarantino, Q. (Director). (2012). Django [Motion Picture]. The Weinstein Company, Columbia Pictures.
Simmel, G. (1971). Georg Simmel: On Individuality and Social Forms (D. Levine, Ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Smith, M. G. (1984). Culture, Race and Class in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Mona: Department of Extra Mural Studies, UWI.
Smith, R. T. (1982). Race and Class in the Post-emancipation Caribbean. In R. Ross (Ed.), Racism and Colonialism (pp. 93–119). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Smith, R. T. (1987). Hierarchy and the Dual Marriage System. In J. Fishburne Collier & S. Junko Yanagisako (Eds.), Gender and Kinship: Essays Toward a Unified Analysis (pp. 163–196). Stanford: Standford University Press.
Swann. (1985). The Swann Report: Education for All. Retrieved September 2, 2013, from Education in England. http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/swann/.
Thompson, E. (Ed.). (2018). May Day Manifesto 1968. London: Verso.
Vincent, C., Ball, S., Rollock, N., & Gillborn, D. (2013). Three Generations of Racism: Black Middle-Class Children and Schooling. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 34(5–6), 929–946.
Webster, D. (2017, December 3). What Is ‘Motivation Porn’, and Why Does Higher Education Seem Addicted to It? Retrieved from Fruits of the Pedagogic Life. https://davewebster.org/2017/12/03/what-is-motivation-porn-and-why-does-higher-education-seem-addicted-to-it/.
Bibliography
Clennon, O. D. (2014). Why Stuart Hall Was Music to My Ears. openDemocracyUK [website] February 20, 2014. Available at https://www.opendemocracy.net/shinealight/ornette-clennon/why-stuart-hall-was-music-to-my-ears.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Clennon, O.D. (2018). Whiteness and My Twelve Labours….. In: Black Scholarly Activism between the Academy and Grassroots. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00837-6_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00837-6_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-00836-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-00837-6
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)