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Assessing and Treating Offenders with Intellectual Disabilities

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The Practice of Correctional Psychology

Abstract

Despite differences in prevalence estimates, offenders with intellectual disabilities (OIDs) are generally considered to be significantly over-represented in all levels of the criminal justice system in all countries where such data is available. Theoretical models developed to provide an explanatory framework for offending behaviours by non-OIDs generally are applicable (with some alteration) for OIDs, although there are specialized and revised theoretical models which have been developed for specific groups of OIDs (e.g., Counterfeit Deviance for sexual offenders with an intellectual disability). In addition, OIDs have many of the same risk issues and consequent assessment strategies and treatment needs as offenders without intellectual disabilities. Assessment strategies include tests developed for non-OIDs, but cross-validated to use with OIDs and specialized assessment strategies that generally have better results in terms of predictive validity and dynamic risk issues specification. Similarly, treatment of risk-relevant issues often follows general treatment principles (including inclusion in non-OIDs programmes). However, like assessment strategies, treatment attempts are made complicated by the presence of an intellectual disability in OIDs and programmes have also been developed for the treatment of specific groups or issues of OIDs (e.g., specialized sexual offender and anger management programmes) that appear to have better therapeutic outcomes in terms of programme completion and recidivism. Future research in the area of virtual reality to teach risk-relevant skills may enhance such treatment gains.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Applied Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    Douglas P. Boer, Jack M. McKnight, Ashleigh M. Kinlyside & Joyce P. S. Chan

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  1. Douglas P. Boer
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Correspondence to Douglas P. Boer .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Psychology Department, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, Canada

    Marguerite Ternes

  2. George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Philip R. Magaletta

  3. Psychology Department, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, Canada

    Marc W. Patry

Additional information

This chapter is dedicated to the memory of William (Bill) R. Lindsay, who was an exemplary scientist and practitioner in the study of forensic disability and a generous friend as well. He passed away suddenly in late March of 2017.

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Boer, D.P., McKnight, J.M., Kinlyside, A.M., Chan, J.P.S. (2018). Assessing and Treating Offenders with Intellectual Disabilities. In: Ternes, M., Magaletta, P., Patry, M. (eds) The Practice of Correctional Psychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00452-1_4

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