Définition et épidémiologie du SDRA

  • A. Mercat
  • C. Sargentini
Part of the Le point sur ... book series (POINT)

Abstrait

Dans leur publication princeps, Ashbaugh et Petty définissaient le syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA) comme un syndrome clinico-radiologique associant une tachypnée, une cyanose réfractaire à ľoxygénothérapie, une baisse de la compliance pulmonaire et une infiltration alvéolaire diffuse sur le cliché thoracique (1). Depuis sa publication en 1994, ľensemble de la communauté internationale a adopté la définition du SDRA proposée par la conférence ďexperts américano-européenne (CEAE) (2). Cette définition repose sur des paramètres clinique, gazométrique et radiologique simples (tableau I). Ces critères sont aisément applicables au quotidien, au moins chez les patients placés sous ventilation mécanique puisque la mesure où ľévaluation de la fraction inspirée en oxygène, nécessaire au calcul du rapport PaO2/FiO2, est très délicate chez les patients sous oxygénothérapie en ventilation spontanée. Bien que souvent critiquée, cette définition a été utilisée dans la très grande majorité des essais thérapeutiques ou des enquêtes épidémiologiques récentes (3, 4, 5, 6). Il faut rappeler que cette définition n’impose pas que le patient soit placé sous ventilation mécanique invasive ou non, même si la plupart des études épidémiologiques ne portent que sur les sujets ventilés.
Tableau I

Critères diagnostiques du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë proposés par la Conférence d’experts américano-européenne (2).

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag France 2008

Authors and Affiliations

  • A. Mercat
    • 1
  • C. Sargentini
    • 1
  1. 1.Département de réanimation médicale et médecine hyperbareCHU ďAngersAngers Cedex 9

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