Noninvasive Screening Tests

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Clinical Gastroenterology book series (CG)

Abstract

During the past 2 decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates in the United States have declined in part due to screening. The most recent Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data posted on the CDC website indicate that, in 2008, 52% of adults aged 50 years or older had a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) within the previous year or a lower endoscopy (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) within the previous 5 years [1]. In fact, the majority had either a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy (42.3% of respondents), while just 15.3% were screened with a stool test [1]. In 2006, 60.8% of respondents to the same survey reported having had an FOBT within the year preceding the survey or a lower endoscopy within the preceding 10 years, an increase from 56.8% in 2004, 53.9% in 2002, and 53.1% in 2001 [2, 3]. These surveys show that while lower endoscopy screening has increased (43.4% in 2001, 44.8% in 2002, 50.1% in 2004, and 55.7% in 2006), FOBT screening has declined (23.5% in 2001, 21.6% in 2002, 18.5% in 2004, and 16.2% in 2006) [2, 3]. The 2000 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) found that 49.7% of adults ≥50 years never had CRC testing; only 37.1% were current for their CRC screening [4]. In 2003, the NHIS survey reported higher rates of colonoscopy screening (32.2% in men and 29.8% in women) than FOBT screening (16.1% in men and 15.3% in women) or sigmoidoscopy screening (7.6% in men and 5.9% in women) [5]. In general, self-reported CRC screening rates from all national surveys, which are probably overestimates of actual screening, have increased from less than 25% in the late 1980s to about 60% in 2006, mainly due to increased use of screening colonoscopy [6].

Keywords

Fecal occult blood test Immunochemical Fecal DNA 
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© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Gastroenterology and HepatologyIndiana University School of Medicine, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisUSA

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