Vitamin D pp 175-187 | Cite as

Mechanism of Action of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Intestinal Calcium Absorption and Renal Calcium Transport

  • Dare Ajibade
  • Bryan S. Benn
  • Sylvia Christakos
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Nutrition and Health book series (NH)

Abstract

In the intestine 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D] induces various aspects of the transcellular active calcium transport system including calbindin, the basolateral plasma membrane pump, and the epithelial calcium channel, TRPV6. Calcium can enter the enterocyte through the epithelial calcium channel and then bind to calbindin and move through the cytosol. At the basolateral membrane calcium is transported actively by the plasma membrane calcium pump into the extracellular space. There is increasing evidence that, in the intestine, 1,25(OH)2D can also enhance paracellular calcium diffusion.

In the distal nephron of the kidney 1,25(OH)2D induces TRPV5 and the calbindins and affects calcium transport, at least in part, by enhancing the action of PTH. A role for the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in the distal tubule in vitamin D-dependent calcium reabsorption has also been suggested. In the kidney, besides enhancement of calcium transport in the distal nephron, 1,25(OH)2D also modulates the 25(OH)D hydroxylases. Effects on renal phosphate reabsorption have also been suggested.

Key Words

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D calcium transport intestine kidney renal calcium transport TRPV6 calmodulin calbindin VDR claudin phosphate 
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • Dare Ajibade
    • 1
  • Bryan S. Benn
    • 1
  • Sylvia Christakos
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkUSA

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