Fluid and Electrolytes in Pediatrics pp 221-235 | Cite as
Metabolic Acidosis
Chapter
First Online:
Key Points
1. Normal acid–base balance is crucial for proper cell function and integrity.
2. Metabolic acidosis is due to either the loss of blood buffers, or the gain of non-volatile strong acids.
3. An organized, step-wise approach (the “ABCDE toolkit”) is crucial in determining both the magnitude and the cause of a metabolic acidosis and deciding upon appropriate therapy.
4. Base excess is a measure of the magnitude (extent) of the deviation from normal acid–base balance.
5. Ion “gaps” give important clues as to the possible cause of the metabolic derangement.
Key Words
Metabolic acidosis base excess anion gap strong ion gap urine anion gap renal tubular acidosisReferences
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