Acardia

Chapter

Abstract

Acardia is a bizarre fetal malformation occurring only in twins or triplets. It is also called acardius acephalus, acardiac twinning, or twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) syndrome or sequence. This condition is very rare and occurs 1 in 35,000 deliveries, 1 in 100 monozygotic twins, rarely in triplet pregnancy, and even in quintuplet gestations.

Keywords

Umbilical Artery Esophageal Atresia Arterial Perfusion Twin Reverse Arterial Perfusion Acardiac Twin 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Aggarwal N, Suri V, Saxena SV, et al.: Acardiac acephalus twins: a case report and review of literature. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 81:983–984, 2002.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Alderman B: Foetus acardius amorphous. Postgrad Med J 49:102–105, 1973.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Arias F, Sunderji S, Gimpelson R, et al.: Treatment of acardiac twinning. Obstet Gynecol 91:818–821, 1998.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Benirschke K, des Roches Harper V: The acardiac anomaly. Teratology 15:311–316, 1977.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Blaicher W, Repa C, Schaller A: Acardiac twin pregnancy: associated with trisomy 2. Hum Reprod 15:474–475, 2000.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Blenc AM, Gömez JA, Collins D, et al.: Pathologic quiz case. Pathologic diagnosis: acardiac fetus, acardius acephalus type. Arch Pathol Lab Med 123:974–976, 1999.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Bonilla-Musoles F, Machado LE, Raga F, et al.: Fetus acardius. Two-and three-dimensional ultrasonographic diagnoses. J Ultrasound Med 20:1117–1127, 2001.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Chen H, Gonzalez E, Hand AM, Cuestas R: The acardius acephalus and monozygotic twinning. Schumpert Med Quart 1:195–199, 1983.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Donnenfeld AE, Van de Woestijne J, Craparo F, et al.: The normal fetus of an acardiac twin pregnancy: perinatal management based on echocardiographic and sonographic evaluation. Prenat Diagn 11:235–244, 1991.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    French CA, Bieber FR, Bing DH, et al.: Twins, placentas, and genetics: acardiac twinning in a dichorionic, diamniotic, monozygotic twin gestation. Hum Pathol 29:1028–1031, 1998.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Hanafy A, Peterson CM: Twin-reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence: case reports and review of literature. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 37:187–191, 1997.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Healey MG: Acardia: predictive risk factors for the co-twin’s survival. Teratology 50:205–213, 1994.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Sanjaghsaz H, Bayram MO, Qureshi F: Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence in conjoined, acardiac, acephalic twins associated with a normal triplet. A case report. J Reprod Med 43:1046–1050, 1998.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Søgaard K, Skibsted L, Brocks V: Acardiac twins: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, outcome and treatment. Six cases and review of the literature. Fetal Diagn Ther 14:53–59, 1999.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Van Allen MI, Smith DW, Shepard TH: Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence: a study of 14 twin pregnancies with acardius. Semin Perinatol 7:285–293, 1983.PubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Humana Press Inc. 2006

Personalised recommendations