Role of Biomarkers in Personalized Medicine

  • Kewal K. Jain
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

A biological marker (biomarker) is simply a molecule that indicates an alteration in physiology from normal. For example, any specific molecular alteration of a cancer cell either on DNA, RNA, or protein level can be referred to as a molecular biomarker. A biomarker is defined as a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. The topic of biomarkers has been discussed in a book as well as a special report on this topic (Jain 2010, 2015). Biomarkers are further described in several chapter of this book. The expression of a distinct gene can enable its identification in a tissue with none of the surrounding cells expressing the specific biomarker. Impact of biomarkers on personalized medicine is shown schematically in Fig. 3.1.

Keywords

Bayesian Approach Personalized Medicine Gene Expression Signature Pharmacogenetic Test Sodium Phenylbutyrate 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Kewal K. Jain
    • 1
  1. 1.Jain PharmaBiotechBaselSwitzerland

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