Nanotechnology Approaches for Intraprocedural Molecular Diagnostics

  • Cesar M. Castro
  • Hyungsoon Im
  • Hakho Lee
  • Ralph Weissleder
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

Intraoperative and minimally invasive procedures are increasingly performed to generate molecular diagnostic information (e.g., to establish cancer subtype, phenotype, or treatment response) and enable molecular decision points (e.g., resection margin determination). Conventional analyses (e.g., immunohistopathology, flow cytometry, sequencing) remain time-consuming, thus precluding real-time analysis. Instead, a new generation of miniaturized point-of-care devices are poised to change the field. Based on advances in nanotechnology, microfluidics, miniaturization, and new chemistries, it has become possible to analyze cellular proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomarkers in short periods of time. Different platforms are actively being developed, each having unique strengths and weaknesses. To achieve widespread clinical adoption, successful platforms will need to offer providers rapid, inexpensive, and multiplex readouts while realizing the accuracy of conventional analyses. Here, we review recent advances in the nanotechnology field from our labs, which integrate accurate molecular diagnostics with the clinical workflow in standard of care or clinical trials.

Keywords

Cancer Diagnostics Profiling Nanotechnology Biopsies Circulating tumor cells Exosomes Nuclear magnetic resonance Surface plasmon resonance 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge Drs. Arezou Ghazani, Jered Haun, Adeeti Ullal, and David Issadore, as well as many others, for their invaluable contributions to the optimization of the abovementioned POC technologies and in assay development over the years.

Disclosures

Ralph Weissleder is a founding member of T2 Biosystems.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Cesar M. Castro
    • 1
  • Hyungsoon Im
    • 1
  • Hakho Lee
    • 1
  • Ralph Weissleder
    • 1
  1. 1.Center for Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard UniversityBostonUSA

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