Usage of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pediatric Sedation

Chapter

Abstract

Complementary and alternative medicine includes those acceptable health care approaches outside of our conventional medicine. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine classified these therapies from a complete medical system of premise and practice; biological-based practices; mind-body medicine; manipulative and energy medicine.

Music therapy, hypnotherapy, guided imagery, and acupuncture-related techniques have been applied for pediatric sedation. These therapies can easily work in conjunction with available conventional medical treatments for pediatric sedation.

Keywords

Complementary and alternative medicine Pediatric sedation Music therapy Hypnosis Guided imagery Acupuncture Acupressure 

References

  1. 1.
    Sawni-Sikand A, Schubiner H, Thomas RL. Use of complementary/alternative therapies among children in primary care pediatrics. Ambul Pediatr. 2002;2(2):99–103.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Conrad C, Niess H, Jauch KW, Bruns CJ, Hartl W, Welker L. Overture for growth hormone: requiem for interleukin-6? Crit Care Med. 2007;35(12):2709–13.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Chlan LL, Weinert CR, Heiderscheit A, Tracy MF, Skaar DJ, Guttormson JL, et al. Effects of patient-directed music intervention on anxiety and sedative exposure in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;309(22):2335–44.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Koch ME, Kain ZN, Ayoub C, Rosenbaum SH. The sedative and analgesic sparing effect of music. Anesthesiology. 1998;89(2):300–6.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Wang SM, Kulkarni L, Dolev J, Kain ZN. Music and preoperative anxiety: a randomized, controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2002;94(6):1489–94, table of contents.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Kain ZN, Wang SM, Mayes LC, Krivutza DM, Teague BA. Sensory stimuli and anxiety in children undergoing surgery: a randomized, controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2001;92(4):897–903.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Kain ZN, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Krivutza DM, Weinberg ME, Gaal D, Wang SM, et al. Interactive music therapy as a treatment for preoperative anxiety in children: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2004;98(5):1260–6, table of contents.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Loewy J, Hallan C, Friedman E, Martinez C. Sleep/sedation in children undergoing eeg testing: a comparison of chloral hydrate and music therapy. Am J Electroneurodiag Technol. 2006;46(4):343–55.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    DeLoach Walworth D. Procedural-support music therapy in the healthcare setting: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Pediatr Nurs. 2005;20(4):276–84.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Bank WO, Kerber CW. Medical hypnosis during therapeutic embolizations of the carotid and vertebral arteries. Neuroradiology. 1979;17(5):249–52.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Faymonville ME, Laureys S, Degueldre C, DelFiore G, Luxen A, Franck G, et al. Neural mechanisms of antinociceptive effects of hypnosis. Anesthesiology. 2000;92(5):1257–67.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Lang EV, Berbaum KS, Faintuch S, Hatsiopoulou O, Halsey N, Li X, et al. Adjunctive self-hypnotic relaxation for outpatient medical procedures: a prospective randomized trial with women undergoing large core breast biopsy. Pain. 2006;126(1–3):155–64.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Elkins G, White J, Patel P, Marcus J, Perfect MM, Montgomery GH. Hypnosis to manage anxiety and pain associated with colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening: case studies and possible benefits. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2006;54(4):416–31.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Ghoneim MM, Block RI, Sarasin DS, Davis CS, Marchman JN. Tape-recorded hypnosis instructions as adjuvant in the care of patients scheduled for third molar surgery. Anesth Analg. 2000;90(1):64–8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Baglini R, Sesana M, Capuano C, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Ugo L, Danzi GB. Effect of hypnotic sedation during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty on myocardial ischemia and cardiac sympathetic drive. Am J Cardiol. 2004;93(8):1035–8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Gearan P, Schoenberger NE, Kirsch I. Modifying hypnotizability: a new component analysis. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 1995;43(1):70–89.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Tusek DL, Church JM, Strong SA, Grass JA, Fazio VW. Guided imagery: a significant advance in the care of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40(2):172–8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Fick LJ, Lang EV, Logan HL, Lutgendorf S, Benotsch EG. Imagery content during nonpharmacologic analgesia in the procedure suite: where your patients would rather be. Acad Radiol. 1999;6(8):457–63.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Hatta T, Koike M, Langman P. Laterality of mental imagery generation and operation: tests with brain-damaged patients and normal adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1994;16(4):577–88.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Han JS. Acupuncture and endorphins. Neurosci Lett. 2004;361(1–3):258–61.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Melchart D, Steger HG, Linde K, Makarian K, Hatahet Z, Brenke R, et al. Integrating patient preferences in clinical trials: a pilot study of acupuncture versus midazolam for gastroscopy. J Altern Complement Med. 2002;8(3):265–74.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Wang HH, Chang YH, Liu DM, Ho YJ. A clinical study on physiological response in electroacupuncture analgesia and meperidine analgesia for colonoscopy. Am J Chin Med. 1997;25(1):13–20.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Fanti L, Gemma M, Passaretti S, Guslandi M, Testoni PA, Casati A, et al. Electroacupuncture analgesia for colonoscopy. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(2):312–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Wang SM, Punjala M, Weiss D, Anderson K, Kain ZN. Acupuncture as an adjunct for sedation during lithotripsy. J Altern Complement Med. 2007;13(2):241–6.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Resim S, Gumusalan Y, Ekerbicer HC, Sahin MA, Sahinkanat T. Effectiveness of electro-acupuncture compared to sedo-analgesics in relieving pain during shockwave lithotripsy. Urol Res. 2005;33(4):285–90.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Acar HV, Cuvas O, Ceyhan A, Dikmen B. Acupuncture on Yintang point decreases preoperative anxiety. J Altern Complement Med. 2013;19(5):420–4.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Paraskeva A, Melemeni A, Petropoulos G, Siafaka I, Fassoulaki A. Needling of the extra 1 point decreases bis values and preoperative anxiety. Am J Chin Med. 2004;32(5):789–94.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Wang SM, Escalera S, Lin EC, Maranets I, Kain ZN. Extra-1 acupressure for children undergoing anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2008;107(3):811–6.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Arai YC, Ushida T, Osuga T, Matsubara T, Oshima K, Kawaguchi K, et al. The effect of acupressure at the extra 1 point on subjective and autonomic responses to needle insertion. Anesth Analg. 2008;107(2):661–4.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Fassoulaki A, Paraskeva A, Patris K, Pourgiezi T, Kostopanagiotou G. Pressure applied on the extra 1 acupuncture point reduces bispectral index values and stress in volunteers. Anesth Analg. 2003;96(3):885–90, table of contents.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Fassoulaki A, Paraskeva A, Kostopanagiotou G, Tsakalozou E, Markantonis S. Acupressure on the extra 1 acupoint: the effect on bispectral index, serum melatonin, plasma beta-endorphin, and stress. Anesth Analg. 2007;104(2):312–7.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Wang SM, Gaal D, Maranets I, Caldwell-Andrews A, Kain ZN. Acupressure and preoperative parental anxiety: a pilot study. Anesth Analg. 2005;101(3):666–9, table of contents.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Wang SM, Peloquin C, Kain ZN. The use of auricular acupuncture to reduce preoperative anxiety. Anesth Analg. 2001;93(5):1178–80, table of contents.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Karst M, Winterhalter M, Munte S, Francki B, Hondronikos A, Eckardt A, et al. Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2007;104(2):295–300.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Kober A, Scheck T, Schubert B, Strasser H, Gustorff B, Bertalanffy P, et al. Auricular acupressure as a treatment for anxiety in prehospital transport settings. Anesthesiology. 2003;98(6):1328–32.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Barker R, Kober A, Hoerauf K, Latzke D, Adel S, Kain ZN, et al. Out-of-hospital auricular acupressure in elder patients with hip fracture: a randomized double-blinded trial. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13(1):19–23.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. 37.
    Kober A, Scheck T, Greher M, Lieba F, Fleischhackl R, Fleischhackl S, et al. Prehospital analgesia with acupressure in victims of minor trauma: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial. Anesth Analg. 2002;95(3):723–7, table of contents.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    Schlager A, Offer T, Baldissera I. Laser stimulation of acupuncture point p6 reduces postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Br J Anaesth. 1998;81(4):529–32.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Chu YC, Lin SM, Hsieh YC, Peng GC, Lin YH, Tsai SK, et al. Effect of bl-10 (tianzhu), bl-11 (dazhu) and gb-34 (yanglinquan) acuplaster for prevention of vomiting after strabismus surgery in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin. 1998;36(1):11–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    Schlager A, Boehler M, Puhringer F. Korean hand acupressure reduces postoperative vomiting in children after strabismus surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2000;85(2):267–70.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    Somri M, Vaida SJ, Sabo E, Yassain G, Gankin I, Gaitini LA. Acupuncture versus ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative vomiting. A study of children undergoing dental surgery. Anaesthesia. 2001;56(10):927–32.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. 42.
    Rusy LM, Hoffman GM, Weisman SJ. Electroacupuncture prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting following pediatric tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. Anesthesiology. 2002;96(2):300–5.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. 43.
    Butkovic D, Toljan S, Matolic M, Kralik S, Radesic L. Comparison of laser acupuncture and metoclopramide in PONV prevention in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005;15(1):37–40.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    Yeh CH, Chien LC, Chiang YC, Lin SW, Huang CK, Ren D. Reduction in nausea and vomiting in children undergoing cancer chemotherapy by either appropriate or sham auricular acupuncture points with standard care. J Altern Complement Med. 2012;18(4):334–40.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. 45.
    Kabalak AA, Akcay M, Akcay F, Gogus N. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation versus ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative vomiting following pediatric tonsillectomy. J Altern Complement Med. 2005;11(3):407–13.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. 46.
    Dune L. Integrating tuina acupressure and traditional Chinese medicine concepts into a holistic nursing practice. Explore. 2006;2(6):543–6.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    Gan TJ, Meyer TA, Apfel CC, Chung F, Davis PJ, Habib AS, et al. Society for ambulatory anesthesia guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2007;105(6):1615–28, table of contents.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. 48.
    Atilla H, Isikay CT, Kansu T. Isolated sixth nerve palsy from pontine infarct. Acta Neurol Belg. 2000;100(4):246–7.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    Johnston CC, Stremler RL, Stevens BJ, Horton LJ. Effectiveness of oral sucrose and simulated rocking on pain response in preterm neonates. Pain. 1997;72(1–2):193–9.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. 50.
    Johnston CC, Filion F, Campbell-Yeo M, Goulet C, Bell L, McNaughton K, et al. Enhanced kangaroo mother care for heel lance in preterm neonates: a crossover trial. J Perinatol. 2009;29(1):51–6.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. 51.
    Lago P, Garetti E, Merazzi D, Pieragostini L, Ancora G, Pirelli A, et al. Guidelines for procedural pain in the newborn. Acta Paediatr. 2009;98(6):932–9.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  52. 52.
    Yip P, Middleton P, Cyna AM, Carlyle AV. Non-pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(3):CD006447.Google Scholar
  53. 53.
    Lin JG, Chen K, Lee YC. Sedation. In: Lin YC, Hsu E, editors. Acupuncture for pain management. New York: Springer; 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    Gan TJ, Diemunsch P, Habib AS, et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2014;118(1):85–113.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain MedicineBoston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA

Personalised recommendations