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Liver Flukes: Clonorchis and Opisthorchis

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Digenetic Trematodes

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 766))

Abstract

Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and O. felineus are liver flukes of human and animal pathogens occurring across much of Europe and Asia. Nevertheless, they are often underestimated compared to other, better known neglected diseases in spite of the fact that many millions of humans are infected and hundreds of millions at risk. This is possibly because of the chronic nature of the infection and disease and that it takes several decades prior to a life-threatening pathology to develops. Several studies in the past decade have provided more information on the molecular biology of the liver flukes which clearly lead to a better understanding of parasite biology, systematics, and population genetics.

Chronic inflammation due to liver fluke infection plays a key role in mechanisms of pathogenesis by induction of oxidative and nitrative DNA damage, which initiates the complex process of carcinogenesis. However, there is still a long way to go to exploit this knowledge to alleviate the pathogenesis of liver fluke infection and its role in cholangiocarcinoma formation. While the short-term goal of liver fluke control can be achieved by praziquantel chemotherapy, a comprehensive health education package targeting school children is believed to be more beneficial for a long-term goal/solution. It is recommended that a one health approach should be applied to combat the liver flukes and hence contribute to reduction of cholangiocarcinoma in endemic areas.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand

    Weerachai Saijuntha

  2. Department of Parasitology and the Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

    Paiboon Sithithaworn, Nadda Kaitsopit & Ross H. Andrews

  3. Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College, London, UK

    Ross H. Andrews

  4. Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Institute of Zoology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kornblumenstrasse 13, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Trevor N. Petney

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  1. Weerachai Saijuntha
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  2. Paiboon Sithithaworn
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  3. Nadda Kaitsopit
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  4. Ross H. Andrews
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  5. Trevor N. Petney
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Correspondence to Weerachai Saijuntha .

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  1. Departamento de Biología Celular,Parasitología Facultad de Farmacia, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain

    Rafael Toledo

  2. Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, USA

    Bernard Fried

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Saijuntha, W., Sithithaworn, P., Kaitsopit, N., Andrews, R.H., Petney, T.N. (2014). Liver Flukes: Clonorchis and Opisthorchis . In: Toledo, R., Fried, B. (eds) Digenetic Trematodes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 766. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_6

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