Techniques of Localization in Child Neuropsychology

  • Greta N. Wilkening
Chapter
Part of the Critical Issues in Neuropsychology book series (CINP)

Abstract

The ability to relate constellations of neuropsychological deficit and strength to localized structural brain damage has been a major achievement in the endeavor to understand how the brain functions and to increase the utility of behavioral tools for understanding clinical problems. The majority of research dealing with localization has involved the study of adults with pathological changes of the brain. Less information is available regarding localized deficits in children. Satz and Bullard-Bates (1981), for example, point to the relative paucity of studies concerning acquired childhood aphasia in contrast to numerous studies examining aphasia, and the effect of varying lesion localizations, in the adult population. This relative inequality reflects a number of factors including the types of lesions typically acquired by children, how they differ from lesions acquired by adults, and the relatively greater difficulty involved in assessing and understanding a developing organism (Boll & Barth, 1981).

Keywords

Left Hemisphere Brain Damage Language Disorder Visual Agnosia Focal Injury 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alajouanine, T., & Lhermitte, F. (1965). Acquired aphasia in children. Brain, 88(4), 614–662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Alexander, M. P., & Albert, M. L. (1983). The anatomical basis of visual agnosia. In A. Kertesz (Ed.), Localization in neuro-psychology (pp. 393–418). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  3. Annett, M. (1970). The growth of manual preference and speed. British Journal of Psychology, 61(4), 545–558.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Annett, M. (1973). Laterality of childhood hemiplegia and the growth of speech and intelligence. Cortex, 9, 4–33.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Aram, D. M., Kelman, B. L., Rose, D. F., & Whitaker, H. A. (1985). Verbal and cognitive sequelae following unilateral lesions acquired in early childhood. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 7 (1), 55–78.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Aram, D. M., Rose, D. F., Rekate, H. L., & Whitaker, H. A. (1983). Acquired capsular striatal aphasia in childhood. Archives of Neurology, 40, 614–617.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Basser, L. S. (1962). Hemiplegia of early onset and the faculty of speech with special reference to the effects of hemispherectomy. Brain, 85, 427–460.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Benson, D. F. (1979). Aphasia, alexia, and agraphia. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
  9. Benson, F. D., & Geschwind, N. (1970). Developmental Gerstmann syndrome. Neurology, 20, 293–298.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Benton, A. (1955). Development of finger localization capacity in school children. Child Development, 26, 225–230.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Benton, A. L., Hamsher, K. D., Varney, N. R., & Spreen, O. (1983). Contributions to neuropsychological assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
  12. Boll, T. J. (1981). The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery. In S. B. Filskov & T. J. Boll (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neuropsychology (pp. 577–607 ). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
  13. Boll, T. J., & Barth, J. T. (1981). Neuropsychology of brain damage in children. In S. B. Filskov & T. J. Boll (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neuropsychology (pp. 418–452 ). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
  14. Butters, N. (1984). The clinical aspects of memory disorders: Contributions from experimental studies in amnesia and dementia. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6 (1), 17–36.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Carter, R. L. K., Hohenegger, M. L., & Satz, P. (1982). Aphasia and speech organization in children. Science, 218(19), 797799.Google Scholar
  16. Chadwick, O., Rutter, M., Thompson, J., & Shaffer, D. (1981). Intellectual performance and reading skills after localized head injury in childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22, 117–137.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Chelune, C. J., & Baer, R. A. (1986). Developmental norms for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 8 (3), 219–228.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Chelune, C. J., & Edwards, P. (1981). Early brain lesions: On-togenetic environmental and considerations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49 (6), 777–790.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Denckla, M. (1973). Development of speed in repetitive and successive finger movements in normal children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 15, 635–645.Google Scholar
  20. Dennis, M. (1977). Cerebral dominance in three forms of early brain disorder. In E. Blaw, I. Rapin, & M. Kinsbourne (Eds.), Topics in child neurology (Vol. 1, pp. 189–212 ). New York: SP Books Division of Spectrum Publications.Google Scholar
  21. Dennis, M. (1976). Impaired sensory and motor differentiation with corpus callosum agenesis: A lack of callosal inhibition during ontogeny? Neuropsychologia, 14, 455–469.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Dennis, M., & Kohn, B. (1975). Comprehension of syntax in infantile hemiplegics after cerebral hemidecortication. Left hemisphere superiority. Brain & Language, 2, 472–482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Dennis, M., Lovett, M., & Weigel-Crump, C. A. (1981). Written language acquisition after left or right hemicortication in infancy. Brain and Language, 12, 54–91.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Dennis, M., & Whitaker, H. A. (1976). Language acquisition following hemidecortication: Linguistic superiority of the left over the right hemisphere. Brain and Language, 3, 404–433.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Dennis, M., & Whitaker, H. A. (1977). Hemispheric equipotentiality and language acquisition. In S. S. Segalowitz & F. A. Gruber (Eds.), Language development and neurological theory (pp. 93–106 ). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  26. Duffy, F. H., Denckla, M. P., Bartels, P. H., & Sandini, G. (1980). Dyslexia: Regional difference in brain electrical activity by topographic mapping. Annals of Neurology, 7 (5), 412–420.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Fedio, P., & Mirsky, A. F. (1969). Selective intellectual deficits in children with temporal lobe or centrencephalic epilepsy. Neuropsychologia, 7, 287–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Ferro, J. M., Martins, I. P., Pinto, P., & Castro-Caldas, A. (1982). Aphasia following right striato-insular infarction in a left-handed child: A clinico-radiological study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 24, 173–182.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Finger, S., & Stein, D. G. (1982). Brain damage recovery: Research and clinical perspective. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  30. Galaburda, A. M., Sherman, G. F., Rosen, G. D., Aboitiz, F., & Geschwind, N. (1985). Developmental dyslexia: Four consecutive patients with cortical anomalies. Annals of Neurology, 18(2), 222–223.Google Scholar
  31. Geschwind, N., & Galaburda, A. M. (1985). Cerebral lateralization: Biological mechanisms, associations and pathology. I. Hypothesis and a program for research. Archives of Neurology, 42, 428–459.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Golden, C. J. (1981). The Luria-Nebraska Children’s Battery: Initial theory and formulation. In G. W. Hynd & J. E. Obrzut (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment and the school-aged child (pp. 277–302 ). New York: Grune & Stratton.Google Scholar
  33. Golden, C. J., Hammeke, T. A., & Punsch, A. D. (1980). The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.Google Scholar
  34. Goldman, R. S. (1974). An alternative to developmental plasticity: Heterology of CNS structures in infants and adults. In D. G. Stein, J. J. Rosen, & N. Butters (Eds.), Plasticity and recovery of function in the central nervous system (pp. 149–174 ). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  35. Greenblatt, S. H. (1983). Localization of lesions in alexia. In A. Kertesz (Ed.), Localization in neuropsychology (pp. 324–356 ). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  36. Hécaen, H. (1976). Acquired aphasia in children and the on-togenesis of hemispheric functional specialization. Brain and Language, 3, 114–134.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. Hécaen, H. (1983). Acquired aphasia in children: Revisited. Neuropsychologia, 21 (6), 581–587.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Jarvis, P. E., & Barth, J. J. (1984). Halstead-Reitan Test Battery: An interpretive guide. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
  39. Kaufman, A. S., & Kaufman, N. L. (1983). Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. Circle Pines, M American Guidance Service.Google Scholar
  40. Kershner, J. R., & King, A. J. (1974). Laterality of cognitive functions in achieving hemiplegic children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 39, 1283–1289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Kertesz, A. (1983). Issues in localization. In A. Kertesz (Ed.), Localization in neuropsychology (pp. 1–19 ). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  42. Kiessling, L. S., Denclda, M. B., & Carlton, M. (1983). Evidence for differential hemispheric function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 25, 727–734.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  43. Kinsboume, M., & Warrington, E. K. (1962). A study of finger agnosia. Brain, 85, 47–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. Kinsbourne, M., & Warrington, E. K. (1963a). The developmental Gerstmann syndrome. Archives of Neurology, 8, 490–501.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. Kinsbourne, M., & Warrington, E. K. (1963b). The development of finger differentiation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15, 132–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. Kohn, B., & Dennis, M. (1974). Selective impairments of visuo-spatial abilities in infantile hemiplegics after right cerebral hemidecortication. Neuropsychologia, 12, 505–512.Google Scholar
  47. Levin, H. S., Benton, A. L., & Grossman, R. G. (1982). Neu-robehavioral consequences of closed head injury. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
  48. Levine, D. N., Hier, D. B., & Calvanio, R. (1981). Acquired learning disability for reading after left temporal lobe damage in childhood. Neurology, 31, 257–264.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. Lhermitte, F. (1986). Human autonomy and the frontal lobes. Part II: Patient behavior in complex and social situations. The “environmental dependency syndrome.” Annals of Neurology, 19 (4), 335–343.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. Lhermitte, F., Dillon, B., & Serdarv, M. (1986). Human autonomy and the frontal lobes. Part I: Imitation and utilization behavior. A neuropsychological study of 75 patients. Annals of Neurology, 19(4), 326–334.Google Scholar
  51. Luria, A. R. (1973). The working brain. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
  52. Martyn, L. (1975). Pediatric neuro-ophthalmology. In R. D. Harley (Ed.), Pediatric ophthalmology. Philadelphia: Saunders.Google Scholar
  53. McFie, J. (1961). Intellectual impairment in children with localized post-infantile cerebral lesions. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 24, 361–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. Mesulam, M. M. (1986). Frontal cortex and behavior. Annals of Neurology, 19 (4), 320–325.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. Milner, B. (1968). Visual recognition and recall after right temporal lobe excision in man. Neuropsychologia, 6, 191–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. Milner, B. (1969). Residual intellectual and memory deficits after head injury. In E. Walker, W. Caveness, & M. Critchley (Eds.), The late effects of head injury (pp. 84–97 ). Springfield, IL: Thomas.Google Scholar
  57. Milner, B. (1974). Hemispheric specialization: Scope and limits. In F. O. Schmitt & F. G. Worden (Eds.), The neurosciences: Third study program (pp. 75–89 ). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
  58. Nici, J., & Reitan, R. M. (1986). Patterns of neuropsychological ability in brain-disordered versus normal children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54 (4), 542–545.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. The Ophthalmologic Staff of the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. (1967). The eye in childhood. Chicago: Yearbook Medical.Google Scholar
  60. Passler, M. A., Isaac, W., & Hynd, G. A. (1985). Neuropsychological development of behavior attributed to frontal lobe functioning in children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 1(4), 349–370.Google Scholar
  61. Pavlakis, S. G., Phillips, P. C. D., Mauro, S., DeVivo, D. C., & Rowland, L. P. (1984). Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes: A distinctive clinical syndrome. Annals of Neurology, 16(4), 481–488.Google Scholar
  62. Pennington, B. F., VanDoomink, W. J., McCabe, L. L., & McCabe, E. R. (1985). Neuropsychological deficits in early-treated phenylketonurics. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 88(5), 467–474.Google Scholar
  63. Rapin, I. (1982). Children with brain dysfunction: Neurology, cognition, language and behavior. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
  64. Reitan, R. M. (1972). Verbal problem solving related to cerebral damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 34, 515–524.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  65. Reitan, R. M. (1974). Psychological effects of cerebral lesions in children of early school age. In R. M. Reitan & L. A. Davison (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology: Current status and applications (pp. 53–89 ). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
  66. Robinson, A. L., Heaton, R. K., Lehman, A. W., & Stilson, D. W. (1980). The utility of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in detecting and localizing frontal lobe lesions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48(5), 605–614.Google Scholar
  67. Rourke, B. P., & Finlayson, A. J. (1975). Neuropsychological significance of variations in patterns of performance on the Trail-Making Test for older children with learning disabilities. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 4, 412–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  68. Rourke, B. P., & Strang, J. D. (1978). Neuropsychological significance of variations in patterns of academic performance: Motor, psychomotor, and tactile-perceptual abilities. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 3 (2), 62–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  69. Rourke, B. P., Yanni, D. W., MacDonald, G. W., & Young, G. C. (1973). Neuropsychological significance of lateralized deficits on the Grooved Pegboard Test for older children with learning disabilities. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 41(1), 128–134.Google Scholar
  70. Rudel, R. (1985). The definition of dyslexia: Language and motor deficits. In F. H. Duffy & N. Geschwind (Eds.), Dyslexia: A neuroscient fc approach to clinical evaluation (pp. 33–54 ). Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
  71. Rudel, R. G., & Teuber, H. L. (1971). Spatial orientation in normal children and in children with early brain injury. Neuropsychologia, 9, 401–407.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  72. Rudel, R. G., Teuber, H. L., & Twitchell, T. E. (1974). Levels of impairment of sensori-motor functions in children with early brain damage. Neuropsychologia, 12, 95–108.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  73. Rutter, M. (1982). Developmental neuropsychiatry: Concepts, issues, and prospects. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 4, 91–115.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  74. Satz, P., & Bullard-Bates, I. C. (1981). Acquired aphasia in children. In M. T. Sarno (Ed.), Acquired aphasia (pp. 399–426 ). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  75. Spreen, O., & Gaddes, W. H. (1969). Developmental norms for 5 neuropsychological tests ages 6–15. Cortex. 5. 171–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  76. Squire, L. R. (1981). Two forms of human amnesia: An analysis of forgetting. The Journal of Neuroscience, 1 (6), 635–640.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  77. Squires, L. R. (1982). The neuropsychology of human memory. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 5, 241–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  78. St. James- Roberts, I. (1979). Neurological plasticity, recovery from brain insult, and child development. In H. W. Reese & L. P. Lipsitt (Eds.), Advances in child development and behavior (pp. 254–319 ). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  79. St. James-Roberts, I. (1981). A reinterpretation of hemispherectomy data without functional plasticity of the brain. Brain and Language, 13, 31–53.Google Scholar
  80. Strang, J. D., & Rourke, B. P. (1985a). Adaptive behavior of children who exhibit specific arithmetic disabilities and associated neuropsychological abilities and deficits. In B. P. Rourke (Ed.), Neuropsychology of learning disabilities: Essentials of subtype analysis (pp. 302–328). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
  81. Strang, J. D., & Rourke, B. P. (1985b). Arithmetic disability subtypes: The neuropsychological significance of specific arithmetical impairment in childhood. In B. P. Rourke (Ed.), Neuropsychology of learning disabilities: Essentials of subtype analysis (pp. 167–183 ). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
  82. Strub, R. L., & Geschwind, N. (1983). Localization in Gerstmann syndrome. In A. Kertesz (Ed.), Localization in neuropsychology. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  83. Stuss, D. T., & Benson, F. D. (1983). Frontal lobe lesions and behavior. In A. Kertesz (Ed.), Localization in neuropsychology (pp. 429–454 ). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  84. Van Dongen, H. R., Loonen, C. B., & Van Dongen, K. J. (1985). Anatomical basis for acquired fluent aphasia in children. Annals of Neurology, 17 (3), 306–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  85. Weintraub, S., & Mesulam, M. M. (1983). Developmental learning disabilities of the right hemisphere. Archives of Neurology, 40, 463–468.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  86. Wilkening, G., & Golden, C. J. (1982). Pediatric neuropsychology: Status, theory, and research. In P. Karoly, J. J. Steffen, & D. J. O’Grady (Eds.), Child health psychology: Concepts and issues (pp. 119–153 ). New York: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
  87. Wilson, B. C. (1986). An approach to the neuropsychological assessment of the preschool child with developmental deficits. In S. B. Filskov & T. J. Boll (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neuropsychology (Vol. 2, pp. 121–171 ). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
  88. Witelson, S. F. (1977). Early hemispheric specialization and interhemispheric plasticity: An empirical and theoretical review. In S. J. Segalowitz & F. A. Gruber (Eds.), Language development and neurological theory (pp. 213–287 ). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  89. Woods, B. (1980). The restricted effects of right hemisphere le-sions after age one: Wechsler test data. Neuropsychologia, 18, 65–70.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  90. Woods, B. T., & Carey, S. (1978). Language deficits after apparent clinical recovery from childhood aphasia. Annals of Neurology. 6(5), 405–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  91. Woods, B. T., & Teuber, H. L. (1973). Early onset of complementary specialization of cerebral hemispheres in man. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 98, 113–117.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  92. Woods, B. T., & Teuber, H. L. (1978a). Changing patterns of childhood aphasia. Annals of Neurology, 3 (3), 273–280.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  93. Woods, B. T., & Teuber, H. L. (1978b). Mirror movements after childhood hemiparesis. Neurology, 28, 1152–1158.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  94. Yakolev, P. T., & Lecours, A. R. (1967). The myelogenetic cycles of regional maturation of the brain. In A. Minkoski (Ed.), Regional development of the brain in early life (pp. 370 ). Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1989

Authors and Affiliations

  • Greta N. Wilkening
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of NeurologyThe Children’s HospitalDenverUSA

Personalised recommendations