Analysis of Urinary Nucleosides

  • Thomas D. McClure
  • Karl H. Schram
Chapter
Part of the Modern Analytical Chemistry book series (MOAC)

Abstract

Conventional diagnosis, disease staging, and evaluation of therapy for cancer and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) rely heavily on clinically observable measurements rather than biochemical tests. In the case of cancer, these measurements include tumor imaging and tissue biopsy and are accurate only after many cancer cells have been produced as a consequence of disease progression. A diagnosis of AIDS is established by detection of host-produced antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), whereas staging, measurement of response to therapy, and determining the type and severity of opportunistic infections (OI) suffered by AIDS patients is determined by measurement of the T- and CD-4 cell populations (1). For both cancer and AIDS, these methods can be unreliable; also, in some instances, they are painful and increase risk to the patient. For example, detection of mesothelioma (cancer of the pleural covering of the lung, most often the result of exposure to asbestos fiber) is an invasive procedure requiring rib resection to obtain tissue biopsy for cytological analysis. A dangerous level of unreliability in detecting HIV infection has been observed and results in a long lead time between HIV infection and production of antibodies. In a recent study (2), patients were shown to be infected with HIV for as long as 35 months before antibodies were detected. As a result of these deficiencies in clinical test methods, considerable research effort has been expended toward finding alternative indicators or “biomarkers” of cancer and AIDS.

Keywords

Human Urine Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome Purine Nucleoside Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome Patient Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patient 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1994

Authors and Affiliations

  • Thomas D. McClure
    • 1
  • Karl H. Schram
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUSA

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