Transmitter and Electrical Stimulation of [3H]Taurine Release from Rat Sympathetic Ganglia

  • Robert A. Waniewski
  • Jonathan S. Carp
  • David L. Martin
Chapter
Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (AEMB, volume 359)

Abstract

Astroglial cells release taurine in response to stimulation with neurotransmitters. This process has been studied most extensively with primary cultures of astrocytes and LRM55 glial cells. These studies have demonstrated that several transmitters can elicit release. The second messenger systems involved in activating release have been characterized (10, 15, 19). An important issue concerning all studies of this type is the applicability of results obtained with glia in culture to glia in vivo. We have chosen the rat superior cervical ganglion as a nervous tissue having the potential for exploring taurine release from glial cells in situ. The major neuronal composition of the ganglion consists of preganglionic nerve terminals providing cholinergic input and principal neurons providing noradrenergic output. The superior cervical ganglion also contains a very small population of dopamine-containing intrinsic neurons known as SIF cells (3). The glial population of the superior cervical ganglion is composed of Schwann cells responsible for myelination and satellite glia, immunoreactive to glial fibrillary acidic protein, that surround the cell bodies of the principal neurons (1, 7). Currently available data suggest that taurine is selectively taken up by the satellite glia. Autoradiographic studies have demonstrated that the ω-amino acids GABA and β-alanine are selectively accumulated by satellite glial cells in the superior cervical ganglion (5, 20), while transport studies have shown that taurine inhibits [3H]GABA uptake and that GABA inhibits [14C]taurine uptake by the superior cervical ganglion (5). The demonstration that potassium-stimulated efflux of [3H]GABA from the superior cervical ganglion is not reduced by preganglionic denervation also supports the glial localization of ω-amino acid transporters in this tissue (4).

Keywords

Sympathetic Ganglion Superior Cervical Ganglion Principal Neuron Taurine Release Satellite Glial Cell 
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1994

Authors and Affiliations

  • Robert A. Waniewski
    • 1
    • 2
  • Jonathan S. Carp
    • 1
  • David L. Martin
    • 1
    • 2
  1. 1.Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of HealthSchool of Public Health, State University of New York at AlbanyAlbanyUSA
  2. 2.Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Public Health, State University of New York at AlbanyAlbanyUSA

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