Thrips Biology and Management pp 537-544 | Cite as
Selection, Dispersal and Mode of Reproduction: Attributes Contributing to Local Adaptation by Apterothrips apteris to Erigeron glaucus
Abstract
The thrips, Apterothrips apteris, has been shown to exhibit fine-scale local adaptation to individuals of its host plant, Erigeron glaucus. Several processes affect the degree to which adaptive genetic differentiation occurs. Selection by the host plant must be strong enough to override the homogenizing effects of gene flow between thrips populations. Here we provide estimates of the strength of selection by E. glaucus host plants on thrips colonists. In addition, we describe the rates of colonization of new hosts by thrips. We find that the strength of selection exerted by the host plant is strong enough to effect local differentiation of thrips populations, given the migration rate between populations and the subsequent reproductive success of colonists. Finally, we describe annual patterns of male production and the relative incidence of sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction by thrips in relation to colonization.
Keywords
Host Plant Gene Flow Local Adaptation Founder Effect Spider MitePreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References Cited
- Antonovics, J. & A. D. Bradshaw. 1970. Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations. VIII. Heredity 25: 349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Crespi, B. 1993. Sex allocation ratio selection in Thysanoptera. In D. L. Wrensch & M. A. Ebert [eds.], Evolution and diversity of sex ratio. Chapman and Hall, NY and London.Google Scholar
- Ebenhard, T. 1991. Colonization in metapopulations: a review of theory and observations. Biol. J. of the Linnaean Soc. 42: 105–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Edmunds, G. F. & D. A. Alstad. 1978. Coevolution in insect herbivores and conifers. Sci. 199: 941–945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Endler, J. A. 1977. Geographic variation, speciation and clines. Princeton University Press, NJ. 1986. Natural selection in the wild. Princeton University Press, NJ.Google Scholar
- Falconer, D. S. 1981. Introduction to quantitative genetics. Longman Group Ltd., London and NY.Google Scholar
- Futuyma, D. J. & S. C. Peterson. 1985. Genetic variation in the use of resources by insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 30: 217–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gould, F. 1983. Genetics of plant-herbivore systems: interactions between applied and basic study. In R. F. Denno & M. S. McClure [eds.], Variable plants and herbivores in natural and managed systems. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
- Hanks, L. M. & R. F. Denno. 1994. Evidence for local adaptation in the armored scale insect Pseudaulacapsis pentagona (Targioni Tozetti) (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Ecology (in press).Google Scholar
- Karban, R. 1987. Effects of clonal variation of the host plant, interspecific competition, and climate on the population size of folivorous thrips. Oecologia 74: 298–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Karban, R. 1989a. Fine-scale adaptation of herbivorous thrips to individual host plants. Nature 340: 60–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Karban, R. 1989b. Community organization of Erigeron glaucus folivores: effects of competition, predation, and host plant. Ecology 70: 1028–4039.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Karban, R. & S. Y. Strauss. 1994. Colonization of new host plant individuals by a locally adapted thrips. Ecography 17: 82–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lewis, T. 1973. Thrips: their biology, ecology and economic importance. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
- McNeilly, T. 1968. Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations. III. Agrostis tenuis on a small copper mine. Heredity 23: 99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Michod, R. E. & B. R. Levin. 1988. The evolution of sex. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, MA.Google Scholar
- Slatkin, M. 1985. Gene flow in natural populations. Ann. Rev. of Ecology and Systematics 16: 393–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Slatkin, M. 1987. Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations. Science 236: 787–792.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Strauss, S. Y. & R. Karban. 1994a. The significance of outcrossing in an intimate plant-herbivore relationship. I. Does outcrossing provide an escape from herbivores adapted to the parent plant? Evolution (in press).Google Scholar
- 1994b. The significance of outcrossing in an intimate plant-herbivore relationship. II. Does outcrossing pose a problem to thrips adapted to the parent plant? Evolution (in press).Google Scholar
- Wainhouse, D. & R. S. Howell. 1983. Intraspecific variation in beech scale populations and in susceptibility of their host Fagus sylvatica. Ecol. Ent. 8: 351–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Wrensch, D. L. 1993. Evolutionary flexibility through haploid males or how chance favors the prepared genome. In D. L. Wrensch & M. A. Ebert [eds.], Evolution and diversity of sex ratio. Chapman and Hall, New York and London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar