Aspects of Phylogenetic Variability of Neocortical Intrinsic Organization

  • Facundo Valverde
Chapter
Part of the NATO ASI Series book series (NSSA, volume 200)

Abstract

Our understanding of the intrinsic organization of the cerebral cortex greatly benefits from the blending of anatomy and physiology under the new concept of functional neuroanatomy. The fundamental principles of this enterprise were first conceived by Lorente de Nó (1949). He showed the existence of particular associations between a single afferent cortical fiber and groups of intrinsic neurons, advancing the concept of an elementary unit to designate a vertical cylinder or column of cortical tissue which has a central axis formed by a specific afferent fiber, containing all kinds of cells capable of carrying out the entire process of nerve transmission from the afferent fiber to the efferent axons. The idea was however not entirely new, for as early as 1898, Cajal suggested the existence of functional systems, or isodynamic groups of neurons in the visual cortex that could by activated by elementary sensory impressions. For several years, this basic unit was envisaged as a functional concept, because it explained earlier results obtained by neurophysiology in several of the primary sensory cortical areas, namely that cells having similar functional properties appear arranged along the vertical axis of the cortex from pia to the white matter. In the primary somatosensory and visual cortices, functional columns are fundamentally defined in terms of receptive field properties, while in the primary auditory cortex they are interpreted in terms of best frequency responses.

Keywords

Visual Cortex Pyramidal Cell Dendritic Spine Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Tree Shrew 
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1991

Authors and Affiliations

  • Facundo Valverde
    • 1
  1. 1.Santiago Ramón y CajalInstituto de NeurobiologíaMadridSpain

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