Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry pp 1012-1049 | Cite as
Soap, Fatty Acids, and Synthetic Detergents
Chapter
Abstract
The origin of the word “soap” is traced to sacrificial Mount Sapo of ancient Roman legend. The mixture of fat and wood ashes that reacted to form soap was carried by rain to the banks of the Tiber river and found as a clay deposit useful for cleaning clothes.1
Keywords
Ethylene Oxide Iodine Value Laundry Detergent Synthetic Detergent Detergent Formulation
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.Soaps and Detergents,The Soap and Detergent Association, New York, 1981.Google Scholar
- 2.Gupta, S., “Chemistry, Chemical and Physical Properties and Raw Materials,” in Soap Technology for the 1990’s, L. Spitz (Ed.), pp. 48–93, American Oil Chemists Society, 1990.Google Scholar
- 3.By courtesy of G. Mazzoni S.p.A., Busto Arsizio, Italy. See also Spitz, L., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 45, 423 (1967).Google Scholar
- 4.For general references, see Dieckelmann, G., and Heinz, H. J., The Basics of Industrial Oleochemistry, Peter Pomp GmbH, Essen, W. Germany, 1988; Woollatt, E., The Manufacture of Soaps, Other Detergents and Glycerin, Ellis Horwood, Sussex, England, 1985.Google Scholar
- 5.By courtesy of Alfa-Laval, Tumba, Sweden.Google Scholar
- 6.By courtesy of Lurgi GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.Google Scholar
- 7.Sonntag, N. O. V., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 56, 729A, 861A (1979)Google Scholar
- Markley, K. S., Fatty Acids, 2nd ed., Interscience, New York, 1967.Google Scholar
- 8.Gosewinkel, L., and Knuth, M., Fett Wiss. Technol., 90, 155 (1988)Google Scholar
- Stoiculescu, P., and Svet, V., Ind. Aliment. (Bucharest), 22, 320 (1971).Google Scholar
- 9.Leshchenko, P. S., Maslo-Zhir. Prom., 11, 21 (1973).Google Scholar
- 10.Linfield, W. M., Barauskas, R. A., Silvieri, L., Serota, S., and Stevenson, R. W., Sr., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61, 191 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Linfield, W. M., O’Brien, D. J., Serota, S., and Barauskas, R. A., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61, 1067 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Brady, C. L., Metcalfe, L., Slaboszewski, S., and Frank, D. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 65, 917 (1988)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kwon, D. Y., and Rhee, J. S., Korean J. Chem. Eng., 1, 153 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Park, Y. K., Pastore, G. M., and de Almeida, M. M., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 65, 252 (1988)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Holmberg, K., and Osterb, E., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 65, 1544 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Mange, H. K., and Vaidya, S. D., J. Oil Technol. Assoc. India, 11, 73 (1979)Google Scholar
- Vaidya, S. D., Subrahmanyan, V. V. R., and Kane, J. G., Indian J. Technol., 13, 528 (1975).Google Scholar
- 14.Berger, R., and McPherson, W., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 56, 743A (1979)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jach, K. W, and Stage, H., Fett Wiss. Technol., 90, 501 (1988).Google Scholar
- 15.Stage, H. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61, 204 (1984);CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jach, K. W., and Stage, H., Fett Wiss Technol., 90, 501 (1988).Google Scholar
- 16.Haradsson, G., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61, 219 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Zilch, K. T., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 56, 739A (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.Luddy, F. E., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 56, 759A (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.Haupt, D. E. Soap/Cosmetics/Chem. Spec., 60, 42 (1984).Google Scholar
- 19.Leikham, J. W., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 89 (1988).Google Scholar
- 20.Swisher, R. D., Surfactant Biodegradation, Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 3, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1970.Google Scholar
- 21.Huddleston, R. L., and Nielsen, A. M., Household & Personal Products Industry, p. 72 (1979).Google Scholar
- 22.Gledhill, W. E., Huddleston, R. L., Kravetz, L., Nielsen, A. M., Sedlak, R. I., Vashon, R. D.,Tenside,26, 276 (989).Google Scholar
- 23.Schoberl, P., Tenside, 26, 86 (1989).Google Scholar
- 24.Brooks, R. J., et al., U.S. Patent 3,257,715, June 21, 1966.Google Scholar
- 25.Brooks, R. J., et al., U.S. Patent 3,259,645, July 5, 1966.Google Scholar
- 26.Ballestra, M., U.S. Patent 3,180,699, Apr. 27, 1965.Google Scholar
- 27.Lantini, A., U.S. Patent 3,931,273, Jan. 6, 1976.Google Scholar
- 28.Hennig, H., et al., U.S. Patent 2,802,026, Aug. 6, 1957.Google Scholar
- 29.Logan, R. S., U.S. Patent 3,188,183, June 8, 1965.Google Scholar
- 30.Brooks, R. J., et al., U.S. Patent 4,113,428, Sept. 12, 1978.Google Scholar
- 31.Brooks, B., U.S. Patent, 4,185,030, Jan. 22, 1980.Google Scholar
- 32.Zallestra, M., U.S. Patent 3,180,699, Apr. 27, 1965.Google Scholar
- 33.Sumner, C. A., U.S. Patent 3,597,361, Aug. 3, 1971.Google Scholar
- 34.Frank, R. A., et al., U.S. Patent 3,867,316, Feb. 18, 1975.Google Scholar
- 35.Schick, M. J., Nonionic Surfactants, Vol. I, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987.Google Scholar
- 36.Jungerman, E., Cationic Surfactants, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1970.Google Scholar
- 37.Mc’Cutcheon’s, Detergent and Emulsifiers, North American ed., MC Publishing Company, Glen Rock, NJ, 1988.Google Scholar
- 38.Swartz, A. M., and Perry, J. W., Surface Active Agents, Vol. 1, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1949.Google Scholar
- 39.Jungermann, E., Cationic Surfactants, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1979.Google Scholar
- 40.VanWazer, Phosphorus And Its Compounds, Vol. II, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1961.Google Scholar
- 41.Sorgenfrei, M. E., “Increased Use of STPP,” Soap/Cosmetics/Chem. Spec., 3 (2), 60 (Feb. 1980).Google Scholar
- 42.Findley, W. R., JAOCS, 65 (4) (1988).Google Scholar
- 43.Sittig, M., “Detergent Mfg. Including Zeolite Builders,” Chem. Tech. Review, No. 128, Noyes Data Corporation, NJ (1979).Google Scholar
- 44.Dolan, M. J., “Detergent Agglomeration Technology,” Soap and Chemical Specialties (Mar./Apr. 1988 ).Google Scholar
- 45.Cannon, D. R., Chemical Week, p. 22 (Jan. 21, 1987 ).Google Scholar
- 46.Lancz, A. J., GB 2,163,448, Aug. 13, 1985.Google Scholar
- 47.Julemont, M., DE 3,325,503, Nov. 29, 1984.Google Scholar
- 48.Lai, K., GB 2,164,350, Aug. 13, 1985.Google Scholar
- 49.Colarusso, R. M., GB 2,163,447, Aug. 13, 1985.Google Scholar
- 50.Gangwisch, W., et al., U.S. Patent 4,264,464, Nov. 11, 1989.Google Scholar
- 51.Nakamura, R., and Sai, F., SHO 64[1989]-20298, Nov. 24, 1989.Google Scholar
- 52.Donaldson, R., et al., European Patent 340,013, Nov. 2, 1989.Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1992