Morphological and Macromolecular Structure

  • Clarence R. Robbins
Chapter

Abstract

A diagram of an active human hair follicle is illustrated in Figure 1-1. The human hair fiber can be divided into three distinct zones along its axis. The zone of biological synthesis and orientation resides at and around the bulb of the hair. The next zone in an outward direction along the hair shaft is the zone of keratinization, where stability is built into the hair structure, via the formation of cystine linkages [1]. The third zone that eventually emerges through the skin surface is the region of the permanent hair fiber. The permanent hair fiber consists of dehydrated cornified cells and intercellular binding material.

Keywords

Cortical Cell Human Hair Scalp Hair Coiled Coil Alpha Helix 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Barnett, R.J., and Seligman, A.M. Science 116, 323 (1952).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Kaswell, E.R. “Textile Fibers Yarns and Fabrics,” p. 52, Reinhold, New York (1953).Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Randebrook, R.J. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. /5, 691 (1964).Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Bogaty, H.J. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem, 20, 159 (1969).Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Piper, L.P.S. J. Textile Inst. 57T, 185 (1966).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Montagna, W., and Carlisle, K.S. In “Hair Research,” Orfanos, Montagna, and Stuttgen (eds.), pp 3–12, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Pinkus, H. In “Hair Research,” Orfanos, Montagna, and Stuttgen (eds.), pp 237–243, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Courtois, M., et al. Int. Fed. SCC, pp 407–424, Paris (1982).Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Hamilton, J.B. Am. J. Anat. 7/, 451 (1942).Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    Saitoh, M., et al. in “Hair Growth,” Vol. 9, Montagna and Ellis (eds.), pp 183–199, Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K. (1967).Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    Gerstein, T. Cosmet. Toiletries 101, 21–45 (Dec. 1986).Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    Montagna, W., and Ellis, R.A. “Hair Growth,” Pergamon Press, Oxford U.K. (1967).Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    Mercer, E.H. “International Series of Monographs on Pure and Applied Biology,” Vol. 12: “Keratins and Keratinization,” Alexander and Bacq (eds.), Pergamon Press, New York (1961).Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    Geiger, W. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 32, 127 (1944).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Harris, M., and Smith, A. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 17, 577 (1936).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Leeder, J.D., and Bradbury, J.H. Nature 218, 694 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Bradbury, J.H., et al. Proc. 3rd Int. Wool Textile Res. Conf. (Paris) I, 359 (1965).Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Hock, C.W., et al. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 27, 181 (1941).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Holmes, A.W. Textile Res. J. 34, 707 (1964).Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    Wortman, F.J. Textile Res. J. 52, 479 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Rundall, K.M. Proc. Leeds Phil. Soc. 4, Part I, 13 (1941).Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    Wolfram, L.J., and Lindemann, M. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 22, 839 (1971).Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    Stoves, J.J. Soc. Dyers Col. 63, 65 (1947).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Bradbury, J.H., et al. Nature 210, 1333 (1966).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Blout, E.R., et al. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 82, 3787 (1960).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Astbury, W.T., and Street, A. Phil. Trans. A 230, 75 (1931).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Langermalm, G., and Philip, B. Textile Res. J. 20, 668 (1950).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Swift, J., and Bews, B. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 25, 355 (1974).Google Scholar
  29. 29.
    Swift, J., and Bews, B. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 25, 13 (1974).Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    Fraser, R.D.B., and Rogers, G.E. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 8, 129 (1955).Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    Hunter, L., et al. Textile Res. J. 44, 136 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Garcia, M.L., et al. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 29,155 (1978) and references therein.Google Scholar
  33. 33.
    Fraser, R.D.B., et al. In “Keratins, Their Composition, Structure, and Biosynthesis,” Chapter 4, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield,Il (1972).Google Scholar
  34. 34.
    Swift, J.A., and Holmes, A.W. Textile Res. J. 35, 1014 (1965).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Allworden, K.Z. Angew. Chem. 29, 77 (1916).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Alexander, P., Hudson, R.F., and Earland, C. “Wool, Its Chemistry and Physics,” pp 7, 8, Franklin Publishing Co., New Jersey (1963).Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    Lindberg, J., et al. Nature /62, 458 (1948).Google Scholar
  38. 38.
    Leeder, J.D., et al. Textile Res. J. 53, 402 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Holmes, A.W. Nature 923 (1961).Google Scholar
  40. 40.
    Holmes, A.W. Textile Res. J. 34, 777 (1964).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    Fraser, R.D.B., et al. In “Keratins, Their Composition, Structure, and Biosynthesis,” p. 70, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, II (1972).Google Scholar
  42. 42.
    Mercer, E.H. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 16, 507 (1965).Google Scholar
  43. 43.
    Alexander, P., and Earland, C. Nature 166, 396 (1950).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    Menkart, J., et al. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. /7, 769 (1966).Google Scholar
  45. 45.
    Kidd, F. Proc. 3rd Int. Wool Text. Res. Conf. (Paris) 1, 221 (1965).Google Scholar
  46. 46.
    Mercer, E.H. Textile Res. J. 23, 388 (1953).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    Kassenbeck, P. In “Hair Research,” Orfanos, Montagna, and Stuttgen (eds.), pp 52–64, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. 48.
    Tolgyesi, E., et al. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 34, 361 (1983).Google Scholar
  49. 49.
    Birbeck, M.S.C., and Mercer, E.H. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 3, 203 (1956).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. 50.
    Piper, L.P.S. J. Text. Inst. 57T, 185 (1966).Google Scholar
  51. 51.
    Gjesdal, F. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 133 (1959).Google Scholar
  52. 52.
    Consdon, R., and Gordon, A.H. Biochem J. 46, 8–20 (1950).Google Scholar
  53. 53.
    Hailwood, A.J., and Harrobein S. Trans. Faraday Soc. 42B, 84 (1946).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    Gillespie, J.M., et al. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. /7, 548 (1964).Google Scholar
  55. 55.
    Corfield, M.C., et al. Biochem. J. 68, 348 (1948).Google Scholar
  56. 56.
    Filshie, B.K., and Rogers, G.E. J. Mol. Biol. 3, 784 (1964).Google Scholar
  57. 57.
    Johnson, D.J., and Sikorski, J. Nature 194, 31 (1962).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. 58.
    Baily, C.J., et al. Proc. 3rd Int. Wool Text. Res. Conf. (Paris)/, 121, (1965).Google Scholar
  59. 59.
    Johnson, D.J., and Sikorski, J. Proc. 3rd Int. Wool Text. Res. Conf. (Paris), 1, 53 (1965).Google Scholar
  60. 60.
    Dobb, M.G. J. Mol. Biol. 10, 156 (1964).Google Scholar
  61. 61.
    Dobb, M.G., et al. Proc. 3rd Int. Wool Text. Res. Conf. (Paris) !, 13 (1965).Google Scholar
  62. 62.
    Pauling, L., and Corey, R.B. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 72, 5349 (1950).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. 63.
    Pauling, L., and Corey, R.B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 37, 261 (1951).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. 64.
    Pauling, L., and Corey, R.B. Sci. Am. 3 (1954).Google Scholar
  65. 65.
    Astbury, W.T., and Street, A. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 230A, 73 (1931).Google Scholar
  66. 66.
    Astbury, W.T. Trans. Faraday Soc. 29, 193 (1933).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  67. 67.
    Astbury, W.T., and Woods, H.J. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 232A, 333 (1933).Google Scholar
  68. 68.
    MacArthur, I. Nature 152, 38 (1943).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  69. 69.
    MacArthur, I. Symposium on Fibrous Proteins. Soc.Dyers Col., pp 5–14 and references therein (1946).Google Scholar
  70. 70.
    Pauling, L., and Corey, R.B. Nature /71, 59 (1953).Google Scholar
  71. 71.
    Fraser, R.D.B., et al. Proc. 3rd Inter. Wool Tex. Res. Conf. (Paris) !, 6 (1965).Google Scholar
  72. 72.
    Pauling, L., and Corey, R.B. Nature 171, 59 (1953).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  73. 73.
    Crick, F.H.C. Nature 170, 882 (1952).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  74. 74.
    Skertchly, A.R.B., and Woods, H.J. J. Textile Inst. 51T, 517 (1960).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  75. 75.
    Lundgren, H.P., et al. In “Ultrastructure of Protein Fibers,” p. 39–117, Academic Press, New York (1963).Google Scholar
  76. 76.
    Menefee, E. Textile Res. J. 38, 1149 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  77. 77.
    Robbins, C.R., and Fernee, K.M. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 34, 21 (1983).Google Scholar
  78. 78.
    Stam, R., et al. Textile Res. J. 22, 448 (1952).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  79. 79.
    Fraser, R.D.B., et al. J. Textile Inst. 51T, 497 (1960).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  80. 80.
    Zahn, H., and Kohler, K.Z. Nature 185, 137 (1960).Google Scholar
  81. 81.
    Richards, H., and Speakman, J.B. J. Soc. Dyers Col. 7/, 537 (1955).Google Scholar
  82. 82.
    Onions, W.J., and Woods, H.J. Nature 185, 157, 158 (1960).Google Scholar
  83. 83.
    Simpson, W.S., and Woods, H.J. Nature 185, 157 (1960).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  84. 84.
    Fraser, R.D.B., et al. Nature 193, 1052 (1962).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  85. 85.
    Fraser, R.D.B., et al. Nature 183, 592 (1959).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  86. 86.
    Hoppy, F. Nature 166, 397 (1950).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  87. 87.
    Mercer, E.H. “International Series of Monographs on Pure and Applied Biology,” Vol. 12 “Keratin and Keratinization,” Alexander and Bacq (eds.), p 156, Pergamon Press, New York (1961).Google Scholar
  88. 88.
    Mercer, E.H. Ibid., p 274.Google Scholar
  89. 89.
    Mercer, E.H. Textile Res. J. 23, 387 (1953).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  90. 90.
    Rogers, G.E. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 2, 309 (1959).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  91. 91.
    Kaplin, I.J., and Whiteley, K.J. Aust.J.Biol.Sci. 31, 231 (1978).Google Scholar
  92. 92.
    Orwin, D.F.G., and Woods, J.L. J. Text. Inst. 7/, 315 (1980).Google Scholar
  93. 93.
    Mowat,I, et al. J. Textile Inst. 73, 246 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  94. 94.
    Rogers, G.E. In “The Epidermis,” Montagna and Ellis (eds.), p 205, Academic Press, New York (1964).Google Scholar
  95. 95.
    Feughelman, M. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 33, 385 (1982).Google Scholar
  96. 96.
    Spei, M. 5th Int. Wool Textile Conf. Aachen II, 90 (1975).Google Scholar
  97. 97.
    Brown, A.C., and Crounse, R.G. (eds.), “Hair Trace Elements and Human Illness.” Praeger, New York (1980).Google Scholar
  98. 98.
    Leeder, J.D., et al. Tokyo Wool Research Conf. (1985).Google Scholar
  99. 99.
    Leeder, J.D., and Bradbury, J.H. Textile Res. J. 41, 215 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  100. 100.
    Bradbury, J.D., and Ley, K.F. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 25, 1235 (1972).Google Scholar
  101. 101.
    Chidsey, C.A. III, and Kahn, G. U.S. Pat. 4,596, 812 (1986).Google Scholar
  102. 102.
    Barman, J.M., et al. J. Invest. Dermatol. 44, 233 (1965).Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1988

Authors and Affiliations

  • Clarence R. Robbins
    • 1
  1. 1.Research and Development DivisionColgate-Palmolive CompanyPiscatawayUSA

Personalised recommendations