Ovarian Neoplasms of Childhood and Adolescence

  • M. R. Abell
Chapter

Abstract

Ovarian neoplasms occurring in children and adolescents during the first two decades of life comprise a very special group of lesions. They are special not because of any major histologic differences in types of neoplasms as compared with those of adults, but because of the clinical and therapeutic implications. In the treatment of these young patients it is essential that whenever possible ovarian tissue be preserved in order to ensure future normal physical development and child-bearing potential. However, it is equally essential that the malignant neoplasms be appropriately eradicated. Too often, in the past, children and young women have been unnecessarily castrated on the basis that an ovarian tumor in this age group, particularly when solid, is malignant and requires radical surgery. It is mandatory that ovarian neoplasms in children and adolescents be accurately classified and their natural history clearly understood.

Keywords

Germ Cell Obstet Gynecol Ovarian Neoplasm Embryonal Carcinoma Mature Teratoma 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Abell MR (1966) The nature and classification of ovarian neoplasms. Can Med Assoc J 94: 1102PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Abell MR (1968) Undifferentiated malignant germ cell neoplasm (embryonal carcinoma) of ovary with stromal luteinization and masculinization. Am J Obstet Gynecol 101: 570PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Abell MR, Holtz F (1965) Ovarian neoplasms in childhood and adolescence. II. Tumors of non-germ cell origin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 93: 850PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Abell MR, Johnson VJ, Holtz F (1965) Ovarian neoplasms in childhood and adolescence. I. Tumors of germ cell origin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 92: 1059PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Abitbol MM, Pomerance W, Mackles A (1959) Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of benign cystic teratomas. Review of literature and report of two cases. Obstet Gynecol 13: 198CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Adair FL, Watts RM (1937) A study of the hormonal content of ovarian cyst fluids. Am J Obstet Gynecol 34: 799Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Allibone EC, Collins DH (1951) Symptomatic hae-molytic anaemia associated with ovarian teratoma in a child. J Clin Pathol 4: 412CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Anderson WR, Levine AJ, MacMillan D (1971) Granulosa-theca cell tumors: Clinical and pathologic study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 110: 32PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Asadourian LA, Taylor HB (1969) Dysgerminoma. An analysis of 105 cases. Obstet Gynecol 33: 370PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Azoury RS, Woodruff JD (1971) Primary ovarian sarcomas. Report of 43 cases from the Emil Novak Ovarian Tumor Registry. Obstet Gynecol 37: 920PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Ballas M (1972) Yolk sac carcinoma of the ovary with alpha fetoprotein in serum and ascitic fluid demonstrated by immunoosmophoresis. Am J Clin Pathol 57: 511PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Barber HRK, Graber EA (1973) Gynecological tumors in childhood and adolescence. Obstet Gynecol Surv 28(Suppl): 357CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Barry KG, Crosby WH (1957) Auto-immune hemolytic anemia arrested by removal of an ovarian teratoma: Review of the literature and report of a case. Ann Int Med 47: 1002CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Benirschke K, Easterday C, Abramson D (1960) Malignant solid teratoma of the ovary. Report of three cases. Obstet Gynecol 15: 512PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Berendsen PB, Smith EB, Abell MR, Jaffe RB (1969) Fine structure of Leydig cells from an arrhenoblastoma of the ovary. Am J Obstet Gynecol 103: 192PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Berlin NI, Van Scott EJ, Clendenning WE, et al. (1966) Basal cell nevus syndrome. Combined clinical staff conference at the National Institutes of Health. Ann Int Med 64: 403CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Bernstein D, Naor S, Rikover M, Menahem H (1974) Hemolytic anemia related to ovarian tumor. Obstet Gynecol 43: 276.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Biskind GR, Biskind MS (1949) Experimental ovarian tumors in rats. Am J Clin Pathol 19: 501PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Biskind MS, Biskind GR (1944) Development of tumors in the rat ovary after transplantation into the spleen. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 55: 176CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Boivin Y, Richart RM (1965) Hilus cell tumors of the ovary. A review with a report of 3 new cases. Cancer 18: 231CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Breen JL, Neubecker RD (1963) Malignant teratoma of the ovary. An analysis of 17 cases. Obstet Gynecol 21: 669PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Brentnall CP (1945) A case of arrhenoblastoma complicating pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 52: 235CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Brew D StJ., Jackson JG (1960) Lymphosarcoma in the ovary in young African girls in Nigeria. Br J Cancer 14: 621CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Brune WH, Pulaski EJ, Shuey HE (1957) Giant ovarian cyst. Report of a case in a premature infant. N Engl J Med 257: 876CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Burkitt D, O’Conor GT (1961) Malignant lymphoma in African children. I. A clinical syndrome. Cancer 14: 258CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Burslem RW, Langley FA, Woodcock AS (1954) A clinicopathological study of oestrogenic ovarian tumors. Cancer 7: 522CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Busby T, Anderson GW (1954) Feminizing mesenchymomas of the ovary. Includes .107 cases of granulosa-, granulosa-theca-cell, and theca-cell tumors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 68: 1391PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Canelo CK, Lisser H (1939) A case of arrhenoblastoma which simulated Cushing’s disease. Endocrinology 24: 838CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 13–1970. Castleman B (ed) (1970) N Engl J Med 282: 676Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    Caspi E, Schreyer P, Bukovsky J (1973) Ovarian lutein cysts in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 42: 388PubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Chalvardjian A, Scully RE (1973) Sclerosing stromal tumors of the ovary. Cancer 31: 664CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Charache H (1959) Ovarian tumors in childhood. Report of six new cases and review of the literature. Arch Surg 79: 573CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Christian CD (1971) Ovarian tumors: An extension of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 111: 529PubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Cianfrani T (1946) Neoplasms in apparently normal ovaries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 51: 246PubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Cocco AE, Conway SJ (1975) Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome associated with ovarian mucinous cystadenocar-cinoma. N Eng J Med 293: 485CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Costin ME Jr., Kennedy RLJ (1948) Ovarian tumors in infants and children. Am J Dis Child 76: 127PubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. 37.
    Croft PB, Wilkinson M (1965) The incidence of carcinomatous neuromyopathy in patients with various types of carcinoma. Brain 88: 427CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    Cruikshank DP, Chapler FK (1974) Arrhenoblastomas and associated ovarian pathology. Obstet Gynecol 43: 539PubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Damjanov I, Drobnjak P, Grizelj V, Longhino N (1975) Sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary. A hormonal and ultrastructural analysis. Obstet Gynecol 45: 675CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    Davies JNP (1958) Cancer in Africa. In: Collins DH (ed) Modern trends in pathology. London, Butter-worthGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    Della Porta G (1961) Induction of intestinal, mammary, and ovarian tumors in hamsters with oral administration of 20-methylcholanthrene. Cancer Res 21: 575Google Scholar
  42. 42.
    Denny-Brown D (1948) Primary sensory neuropathy with muscular changes associated with carcinoma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 11: 73CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  43. 43.
    Dorfman RI (1963) Steroid hormones in gynecology. Obstet Gynecol Surv 18: 65Google Scholar
  44. 44.
    Ehrlich EN, Dominguez OV, Samuels LT, Lynch D, Oberhelman H Jr., Warner NE (1963) Aldosteronism and precocious puberty due to an ovarian androblastoma (Sertoli cell tumor). J Clin Endocrinol 23: 358CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. 45.
    Ein SH (1973) Malignant ovarian tumors in children. J Pediatr Surg 8: 539CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  46. 46.
    Ein SH, Darte JMM, Stephens CA (1970) Cystic and solid ovarian tumors in children; a 44-year review. J Pediatr Surg 5: 148CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    Esterhay RJ, Shapiro HM, Sutherland JC, McIntire KR Wiernik PH (1973) Serum alpha fetoprotein concentration and tumor growth dissociation in a patient with ovarian teratocarcinoma. Cancer 31: 835CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  48. 48.
    Falin LI (1969) The development of genital glands and the origin of germ cells in human embryogenesis. Acta Anat 72: 195CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    Favara BE, Franciosi RA (1973) Ovarian teratoma and neuroglial implants on the peritoneum. Cancer 31: 678CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  50. 50.
    Feld D, Labes J, Nathanson M (1966) Bilateral ovarian dermoid cysts in triplets. Obstet Gynecol 27: 525CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  51. 51.
    Ferenczy A, Okagaki T, Richart RM (1971) Para-endocrine hypercalcemia in ovarian neoplasms. Report of mesonephroma with hypercalcemia and review of literature. Cancer 27: 427CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  52. 52.
    Flick FH Banfield RS Jr. (1956) Malignant theca-cell tumors. Two new case reports and review of the eight published cases. Cancer 9: 731CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  53. 53.
    Forney JP, Di Saia PJ, Morrow CP (1975) Endodermal sinus tumor. A report of two sustained remissions treated postoperatively with a combination of actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil, and cyclophosphamide. Obstet Gynecol 45: 186PubMedGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    Fortt RW, Mathie IK (1969) Gliomatosis peritonei caused by ovarian teratoma. J Clin Pathol 22: 348CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  55. 55.
    Furth J, Butterworth JS (1936) Neoplastic diseases occurring among mice subjected to general irradiation with x-rays. II. Ovarian tumors and associated lesions. Am J Cancer 28: 66Google Scholar
  56. 56.
    Gardner WU (1958) Some studies on ovarian tumorigenesis. In: Wolstenholme GEW, O’Connor M (eds) CIBA Foundation Colloquia on Endocrinology, Vol 12. Hormone Production in Endocrine Tumours. Boston, Little Brown, pp 153–172Google Scholar
  57. 57.
    Gerbie MV, Brewer JI Tamimi H (1975) Primary choriocarcinoma of the ovary. Obstet Gynecol 46: 720PubMedGoogle Scholar
  58. 58.
    Gillman J (1948) The development of the gonads in man, with a consideration of the role of fetal endocrines and the histogenesis of ovarian tumors. Contrib Embryol Carnegie Inst 32: 81Google Scholar
  59. 59.
    Gondos B Monroe SA (1971) Cystic granulosa cell tumor with massive hemoperitoneum. Light and electron microscopic study. Obstet Gynecol 38: 683Google Scholar
  60. 60.
    Gonzalez-Angulo A, Kaufman RH, Braungardt CD, Chapman FC, Hinshaw AJ (1963) Adenocarcinoma of thyroid arising in struma ovarii (malignant struma ovarii). Report of two cases and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol 21: 567PubMedGoogle Scholar
  61. 61.
    Goodall CM (1969) On para-endocrine cancer syndromes: A review. Int J Cancer 4: 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. 62.
    Gordon T, Crittenden M, Haenszel W (1961) Cancer mortality trends in the United States, 1930–1955. In: United States National Cancer Institute: End Results and Mortality Trends in Cancer, Monograph No 6, Washington, D.C. p 131Google Scholar
  63. 63.
    Gough A (1938) A case of disgerminoma of the ovary associated with masculinity. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 45: 799CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. 64.
    Groeber WR (1963) Ovarian tumors during infancy and childhood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 86: 1027Google Scholar
  65. 65.
    Hain AM (1949) An unusual case of precocious puberty associated with ovarian dysgerminoma. J Clin Endocrinol 9: 1349CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. 66.
    Heald FP, Craig JM, Ming P-ML (1967) Ovarian tumors in adolescence: Types and presenting features. Clin Pediatr 6: 401CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  67. 67.
    Henderson DN (1942) Granulosa and theca cell tumors of the ovary: With a report of thirty cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 43: 194Google Scholar
  68. 68.
    Hertig AT, Gore H (1961) Tumors of the ovary and fallopian tube. In: Tumors of the female sex organs, Atlas of tumor pathology, Fasc 33, Part 3. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington D.C.Google Scholar
  69. 69.
    Hesseltine HC, Smith RI (1956) Ovarian malignancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 72: 1326PubMedGoogle Scholar
  70. 70.
    Hodgson JE, Dockerty MB, Mussey RD (1945) Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. A clinical and pathologic review of sixty-two cases. Surg Gynecol Obstet 81: 631PubMedGoogle Scholar
  71. 71.
    Holt GW (1961) Idiopathic neuropathy in cancer. A first sign in multiple system syndromes associated with malignancy. Am J Med Sci 242: 93CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  72. 72.
    Howell JS, Marchant J, Orr JW (1954) The induction of ovarian tumours in mice with 9:10-dimethyl-l:2-benzanthracene. Br J Cancer 8: 635CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  73. 73.
    Huntington RW Jr., Bullock WK (1970) Yolk sac tumors of the ovary. Cancer 25: 1357CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  74. 74.
    James DF, Barber HRK, Graber EA (1970) Torsion of normal uterine adnexa in children. Report of three cases. Obstet Gynecol 35: 226PubMedGoogle Scholar
  75. 75.
    Javert CT, Finn WF (1951) Arrhenoblastoma. The incidence of malignancy and the relationship to pregnancy, to sterility, and to treatment. Cancer 4: 60CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  76. 76.
    Jensen RD, Norris HJ (1972) Epithelial tumors of the ovary. Occurrence in children and adolescents less than 20 years of age. Arch Pathol 94: 29PubMedGoogle Scholar
  77. 77.
    Jensen RD, Norris HJ, Fraumeni JF Jr. (1974) Familial arrhenoblastoma and thyroid adenoma. Cancer 33: 218CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  78. 78.
    Kalstone CE, Jaffe RB, Abell MR (1969) Massive edema of the ovary simulating fibroma. Obstet Gynecol 34: 564PubMedGoogle Scholar
  79. 79.
    Kase N (1964) Steroid synthesis in abnormal ovaries. II. Granulosa cell tumor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 90: 1262PubMedGoogle Scholar
  80. 80.
    Kay S, Silverberg SG, Schatzki PF (1972) Ultra-structure of an ovarian dysgerminoma: Report of a case featuring neurosecretory-type granules in stromal cells. Am J Clin Pathol 58: 458PubMedGoogle Scholar
  81. 81.
    Kelley RR, Scully RE (1961) Cancer developing in dermoid cysts of the ovary. A report of 8 cases, including a carcinoid and a leiomyosarcoma. Cancer 14: 989CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  82. 82.
    Kempers RD, Dockerty MB, Hoffman DL, Bartholomew LG (1970) Struma ovarii—Ascitic, hyperthyroid, and asymptomatic syndromes. Ann Int Med 72: 883CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  83. 83.
    Kimmel GC (1947) Sexual precocity and accelerated growth in a child with a follicular cyst of the ovary. J Pediatr 30: 686CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  84. 84.
    Kistner RW (1952) Intraperitoneal rupture of benign cystic teratomas. Review of the literature with a report of two cases. Obstet Gynecol Surv 7: 603CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  85. 85.
    Kleinsmith LJ, Pierce GB Jr. (1964) Multipoten-tiality of single embryonal carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 24: 1554Google Scholar
  86. 86.
    Kunstadter RH, Schultz A, Strauss AA (1950) Large ovarian cyst in a newborn infant. Am J Dis Child 80: 993Google Scholar
  87. 87.
    Kurrein F, Fothergill RJ (1961) Oleo-keratin granuloma in peritoneum: A rare complication of ovarian dermoid J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 68: 124CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  88. 88.
    Li FP, Fraumeni JF Jr., Dalager N (1973) Ovarian cancers in the young. Epidemiologic observations. Cancer 32: 969CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  89. 89.
    Li FP, Rapoport AH, Fraumeni JF Jr., Jensen RD (1970) Familial ovarian carcinoma. J Am Med Assoc 214: 1559CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  90. 90.
    Lieberman JS, Borrero J, Urdaneta E, Wright IS (1961) Thrombophlebitis and cancer. J Am Med Assoc 177: 542CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  91. 91.
    Liebert KI, Stent L (1960) Dysgerminoma of the ovary with chorion-epithelioma. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 67: 627CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  92. 92.
    Lindfors O (1971) Primary ovarian neoplasms in infants and children. A study of 81 cases diagnosed in Finland and Sweden. Ann Chir Gynaecol Fenn 60: 12 Suppl. 177Google Scholar
  93. 93.
    Lipsett MB, Odell WD, Rosenberg LE, Waldmann TA (1964) Humoral syndromes associated with nonendocrine tumors. Ann Int Med 61: 733CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  94. 94.
    Lyon FA, Sinykin MB, McKelvey JL (1963) Granulosa-cell tumors of the ovary. Review of 23 cases. Obstet Gynecol 21: 67PubMedGoogle Scholar
  95. 95.
    MacAulay MA, Weliky I, Schulz RA (1967) Ultrastructure of a biosynthetically active granulosa cell tumor. Lab Invest 17: 562PubMedGoogle Scholar
  96. 96.
    Mackinlay CJ (1957) Male cells in granulosa cell tumours. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 64: 512CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  97. 97.
    Mann LS, Metrick S (1961) Hemangioma of the ovary. Report of a case. J Int Coll Surg 36: 500PubMedGoogle Scholar
  98. 98.
    Marrubini G (1949) Primary chorionepithelioma of the ovary. Report of two cases. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scand 28: 251CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  99. 99.
    Masopust J, Kithier K, Radl J, Koutecky J, Kotal L (1968) Occurrence of fetoprotein in patients with neoplasms and nonneoplastic diseases. Int J Cancer 3: 364CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  100. 100.
    Masson P (1938) Sur la présence de cellules argentaffines dans les kystes pseudomucineux de l’ovaire. Union Med Canada 67: 2Google Scholar
  101. 101.
    Me Andrew GM (1964) Haemolytic anaemia associated with ovarian teratoma. Br Med J 2: 1307CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  102. 102.
    McGoldrick JL, Lapp WA (1944) Theca-cell tumors of the ovary. Am J Obstet Gynecol 48: 409Google Scholar
  103. 103.
    McKay DG, Hertig AT, Adams EC, Danziger S (1953) Histochemical observations on the germ cells of human embryos. Anat Rec 117: 201CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  104. 104.
    Melicow MM, Uson AC (1959) Dysgenetic go-nadomas and other gonadal neoplasms in intersexes. Report of 5 cases and review of the literature. Cancer 12: 552CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  105. 105.
    Mengert WF (1939) Precocious puberty due to an ovarian cyst in a five-year-old girl. Am J Obstet Gynecol 37: 485Google Scholar
  106. 106.
    Mintz B (1961) Formation and early development of germ cells. Symposium on the Germ Cells and Earliest Stages of Development. Fondazione A Baselli In-stituto Lombardo MilanGoogle Scholar
  107. 107.
    Mueller CW, Topkins P, Lapp WA (1950) Dys-germinoma of the ovary: An analysis of 427 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 60: 153PubMedGoogle Scholar
  108. 108.
    Neigus I (1955) Ovarian dysgerminoma with cho-rionepithelioma: Report of a case. Am J Obstet Gynecol 69: 838PubMedGoogle Scholar
  109. 109.
    Neikirk WI, Hudson HW Jr. (1948) Giant ovarian cyst in a newborn infant. N Engl J Med 239: 468CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  110. 110.
    Neubecker RD, Breen JL (1962) Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary. Cancer 15: 546CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  111. 111.
    Nichols J, Warren JC, Mantz FA (1962) ACTH-like excretion from carcinoma of the ovary. The clinical effect of m, p’-DDD. J Am Med Assoc 182: 713CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  112. 112.
    Norris HJ, Jensen RD (1972) Relative frequency of ovarian neoplasms in children and adolescents. Cancer 30: 713CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  113. 113.
    Novak ER, Kutchmeshgi J, Mupas RS, Woodruff JD (1971) Feminizing gonadal stromal tumors. Analysis of the granulosa-theca cell tumors of the ovarian tumor registry. Obstet Gynecol 38: 701PubMedGoogle Scholar
  114. 114.
    O’Conor GT (1961) Malignant lymphoma in African children. II. A pathological entity. Cancer 14: 270CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  115. 115.
    O’Hern TM, Neubecker RD (1962) Arrhenoblas-toma. Obstet Gynecol 19: 758PubMedGoogle Scholar
  116. 116.
    Omenn GS, Roth SI, Baker WH (1969) Hyperparathyroidism associated with malignant tumors of nonpara-thyroid origin. Cancer 24: 1004CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  117. 117.
    O’Neill RT, Mikuta JJ (1970) Hypoglycemia associated with serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. Obstet Gynecol 35: 287PubMedGoogle Scholar
  118. 118.
    Pantoja E, Rodriguez-Ibanez I, Axtmayer RW, Noy MA, Pelegrina I (1975) Complications of dermoid tumors of the ovary. Obstet Gynecol 45: 89PubMedGoogle Scholar
  119. 119.
    Papadaki L, Beilby JOW (1975) Ovarian cystadenofibroma: A consideration of the role of estrogen in its pathogenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 121: 501PubMedGoogle Scholar
  120. 120.
    Pedersen J, Homburger C (1953) Virilizing Ley-dig cell tumour of the ovary. Report of a case with special reference to the hormone excretion. Acta Endocrinol 13: 109PubMedGoogle Scholar
  121. 121.
    Pedowitz P, Felmus LB, Mackles A (1955) Precocious pseudopuberty due to ovarian tumors. Obstet Gynecol Surv 10: 633PubMedGoogle Scholar
  122. 122.
    Pedowitz P, O’Brien FB (1960) Arrhenoblastoma of the ovary. Review of the literature and report of 2 cases. Obstet Gynecol 16: 62PubMedGoogle Scholar
  123. 123.
    Peterson WF (1957) Malignant degeneration of benign cystic teratomas of the ovary. A collective review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv 12: 793CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  124. 124.
    Peterson WF, Prevost EC, Edmunds FT, Hundley JM Jr., Morris FK (1955) Benign cystic teratomas of the ovary: A clinico-statistical study of 1,007 cases with a review of the literature. Am J Obstet Gynecol 70: 368PubMedGoogle Scholar
  125. 125.
    Pierce GB Jr., Dixon FJ Jr., Verney EL (1960) Teratocarcinogenic and tissue-forming potentials of the cell types comprising neoplastic embryoid bodies. Lab Invest 9: 583PubMedGoogle Scholar
  126. 126.
    Pinkerton JHM, McKay DG, Adams EC, Hertig AT (1961) Development of the human ovary—A study using histochemical technics. Obstet Gynecol 18: 152PubMedGoogle Scholar
  127. 127.
    Robboy SJ, Scully RE (1970) Ovarian teratoma with glial implants on the peritoneum. Hum Pathol 1: 643CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  128. 128.
    Rubin IC, Novak J, Squire JJ (1944) Ovarian fibromas and theca-cell tumors: Report of 78 cases with special reference to production of ascites and hydrothorax (Meigs’ syndrome). Am J Obstet Gynecol 48: 601Google Scholar
  129. 129.
    Santesson L, Marrubini G (1957) Clinical and pathological survey of ovarian embryonal carcinomas, including so-called “mesonephromas” (Schiller), or “mesoblastomas” (Teilum), treated at the radiumhemmet. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 36: 399CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  130. 130.
    Schaeffer MH, Cancelmo JJ (1939) Cavernous hemangioma of ovary in a girl twelve years of age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 38: 722Google Scholar
  131. 131.
    Schmeisser HC, Anderson WAD (1938) Ganglioneuroma of the ovary. J Am Med Assoc 111: 2005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  132. 132.
    Schuler D, Juhasz J (1960) Choriocarcinoma in a female infant. Ann Paediatr (Basel) 195: 56Google Scholar
  133. 133.
    Schultz LR, Newton WA Jr., Clatworthy HW Jr. (1963) Torsion of previously normal tube and ovary in children. N Engl J Med 268: 343CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  134. 134.
    Scully RE (1953) Gonadoblastoma. A gonadal tumor related to the dysgerminoma (seminoma) and capable of sex-hormone production. Cancer 6: 455CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  135. 135.
    Scully RE (1970) Recent progress in ovarian cancer. Hum Pathol 1: 73CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  136. 136.
    Scully RE (1970) Gonadoblastoma. A review of 74 cases. Cancer 25: 1340CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  137. 137.
    Shane JM, Naftolin F (1975) Aberrant hormone activity of tumors of gynecologic importance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 121: 133PubMedGoogle Scholar
  138. 138.
    Stein IF Sr., Kaye BM (1954) Granulomatous peritonitis secondary to perforation of dermoid cyst. Am J Obstet Gynecol 67: 155PubMedGoogle Scholar
  139. 139.
    Steiner MM, Hadawi SA (1964) Sexual precocity. Association with follicular cysts of ovary. Am J Dis Child 108: 28PubMedGoogle Scholar
  140. 140.
    Sturley RF (1942) Teratomatous chorionepithelioma of the ovary. Critical review of literature, with report of a new case. Minn Med 25: 629Google Scholar
  141. 141.
    Talerman A, Haije WG (1974) Alpha-fetoprotein and germ cell tumors: A possible role of yolk sac tumor in production of alpha-fetoprotein. Cancer 34: 1722CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  142. 142.
    Tancer ML, Orron A, Baker JD, Greenberger ME (1955) Spontaneous rupture of ovarian teratoid tumor (dermoid cyst) into the urinary bladder: Review of eleven cases and report of one new case. Obstet Gynecol 6: 668CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  143. 143.
    Teter J (1960) A new concept of classification of gonadal tumors arising from germ cell (gonocytoma) and their histogenesis. Gynaecologia 150: 84PubMedGoogle Scholar
  144. 144.
    Thatcher DS (1963) Ovarian cysts and tumors in children. Surg Gynecol Obstet 117: 477PubMedGoogle Scholar
  145. 145.
    Thompson JP, Dockerty MB, Symmonds RE, Hayles AB (1967) Ovarian and parovarian tumors in infants and children. Am J Obstet Gynecol 97: 1059PubMedGoogle Scholar
  146. 146.
    Thurlbeck WM, Scully RE (1960) Solid teratoma of the ovary. A clinicopathological analysis of 9 cases. Cancer 13: 804CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  147. 147.
    Traut HF, Marchetti AA (1940) A consideration of so-called “granulosa” and “theca” cell tumors of the ovary. Surg Gynecol Obstet 70: 632Google Scholar
  148. 148.
    Trites AEW (1961) Benign cystic ovarian teratomas of childhood or “ovarian hydrocephalus.” Canad Med Assoc J 84: 606PubMedGoogle Scholar
  149. 149.
    Usizima H (1956) Ovarian dysgerminoma associated with masculinization. Report of a case. Cancer 9: 736CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  150. 150.
    Waisman J, Lischke JH, Mwasi LM, Dignam WJ (1975) The ultrastructure of a feminizing granulosa-theca tumor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 123: 147PubMedGoogle Scholar
  151. 151.
    Warren JC, Erkman B, Cheatum S (1964) Hiluscell adenoma in a dysgenetic gonad with XX/XO mosaicism. Lancet 1: 141CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  152. 152.
    White CA, Bradbury JT (1965) Ovarian theca lutein cysts. Experimental formation in women prior to repeat cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol 92: 973PubMedGoogle Scholar
  153. 153.
    Wilkinson EJ, Friedrich EG, Hosty TA (1973) Alphafetoprotein and endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary. Am J Obstet Gynecol 116: 711PubMedGoogle Scholar
  154. 154.
    Williams RC Jr. (1959) Dermatomyositis and malignancy: A review of the literature. Ann Int Med 50: 1174CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  155. 155.
    Wisniewski M, Deppisch LM (1973) Solid teratomas of the ovary. Cancer 32: 440CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  156. 156.
    Witschi E (1948) Migration of the germ cells to human embryos from the yolk sac to the primitive gonadal folds. Contrib Embryol Carnegie Inst 32: 67Google Scholar
  157. 157.
    Woodruff JD, Noli Castillo RD, Novak ER (1963) Lymphoma of the ovary. A study of 35 cases from Ovarian Tumor Registry of the American Gynecological Society. Am J Obstet Gynecol 85: 912PubMedGoogle Scholar
  158. 158.
    Woodruff JD, Protos P, Peterson WF (1968) Ovarian teratomas. Relationship of histologic and ontogenic factors to prognosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 102: 702PubMedGoogle Scholar
  159. 159.
    Zangeneh F, Kelley VC (1968) Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary in children. Am J Dis Child 115: 494PubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1982

Authors and Affiliations

  • M. R. Abell

There are no affiliations available

Personalised recommendations