Thrombosis pp 145-163 | Cite as

Vessel Injury and Atherosclerosis

  • Sean Moore
  • Ihor O. Ihnatowycz
Chapter
Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (AEMB, volume 102)

Abstract

Repeated endothelial injury causes lipid-rich lesions in animals on a normal diet. In severely thrombocytopenic animals these lesions do not form or are markedly inhibited. The occurrence of lipid in some experimental designs is related to continued or repeated deposition of thrombus. Lipid deposition occurs in areas where endothelium is repeatedly removed and regrows. Repeated deposition of thrombus may bring about changes in the metabolism of the neo-intima which favor lipid deposition.

Keywords

Smooth Muscle Cell Endothelial Injury Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Vessel Injury Fatty Streak 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Hoff HF: Vascular Injury: A review. THROMB HAEMOSTAS (Suppl.)4O: 12l - 136, 1970.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Moore S: Atherosclerosis. In ANIMAL MODELS OF THROMBOSIS AND HEMORRHAGIC DISEASES. DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 76–962, Washington, DC, 1976, pp. 132–143.Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Schlichter JGL, Katz LN, Myers J: The occurrence of atheromatous lesions after cauterization of the aorta followed by cholesterol administration. AM J MED SCI 218: 603–609, 1949.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Prior JT, Hartman WH: The effect of hypercholesterolemia upon intimai repair of the aorta of the rabbit following experimental trauma. AM J PATROL 31: 417–424, 1955.Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Constantinides P, Gutmann-Auersperg N, Hospes D: Acceleration of intimai atherogenesis through prior medial injury. ARCH PATHOL LAB MED 66: 247–254, 1958.Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Friedman M, Byers SO: Experimental thrombo-atherosclerosis. J CLIN INVEST 40: 1139–1152, 1961.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Courtice FC, Schmidt-Diedrichs A: Lipid deposition in injured wall of carotid artery in hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipemic rabbits. J EXP PHYSIOL 47: 228–237, 1962.Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Baumgartner HR, Studer A: Gezielte Überdehnung der aorta abdominalis am normo-und hypercholesterinaemischen kanninchen. PATHOL MICROBIOL (Basel) 26: 129–148, 1963.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Gutstein WH, Lazzarini-Robertson A, LaTaillade JN: The role of local arterial irritability in the development of arterioatherosclerosis. AM J PATHOL 42: 61–71, 1963.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Friedman M, Felton L, Byers SO: Anti-atherogenic effect of iridium192 upon cholesterol fed rabbits. J CLIN INVEST 43: 185–192, 1964.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Amronim GD, Gildenhorn HL, Solomon RD, Nadkarni BB, Jacobs ML: The synergism of x-irradiation and cholesterol-fat feeding on the development of coronary artery lesions. J ATHEROSCLER RES 4: 325–334, 1964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Friedman M, Byers SO: Aortic atherosclerosis intensification by prior endothelial denudation. ARCH PATHOL LAB MED 79: 345356, 1965.Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    Constantinides P: Lipid deposition in injured arteries. Electron microscopic study. ARCH PATHOL LAB MED 85: 280–297, 1968.Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    Julian M, Pieraggi M-Th, Bouissou M: Lathyrisme et regime atherogene chez le rat. PATROL BIOL (Paris) 20: 951–959, 1972.Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Nam GC, Lee WM, Jarmolych J, Lee KT, Thomas WA: Rapid production of advanced atherosclerosis in swine by a combination of endothelial injury and cholesterol feeding. EXP MOL PATHOL 18: 369–373, 1973.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Ross R, Harker L: Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. SCIENCE 193: 1094–1100, 1976.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Moore S: Thrombosis and atherosclerosis. THROMB HAEMOSTAS (Suppl)60: 205–212, 1974.Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Moore S, Mersereau WA: Micro-embolic renal ischemia, hypertension and nephrosclerosis. ARCH PATROL LAB MED 85: 623–630, 1968.Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    Moore S: Thromboatherosc1erosis in normolipemic rabbits: A result of continued endothelial damage. LAB INVEST 29: 478487, 1973.Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    Day AJ, Bell FP, Moore S, Friedman RJ: Lipid composition and metabolism of thrombo-atherosclerotic lesions produced by continued endothelial damage in normal rabbits. CIRC RES 29: 467–476, 1974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Weigensberg BI, More RH, Sumiyoshi A: Lipid profile in the evolution of experimental atherosclerotic plaques from thrombus. LAB INVEST 33: 43–50, 1975.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    O’Connell TX, Mowbray JF: Effects of humoral transplantation antibody on the arterial intima of rabbits. SURGERY 74: 145152, 1973.Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    Friedman RJ, Moore S, Singal DP: Repeated endothelial injury and induction of atherosclerosis in normolipemic rabbits by human serum. LAB INVEST 30: 404–415, 1975.Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    Moore S, Friedman RJ, Gent M: Resolution of lipid-containing atherosclerotic lesions induced by injury. BLOOD VESSELS 14: 193–203, 1977.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Friedman RJ, Moore S, Singal DP, Gent M: Regression of injury-induced atheromatous lesions in rabbits. ARCH PATHOL LAB MED 100: 189–195, 1976.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Stemerman MB: Thrombogenesis of the rabbit arterial plaque: An electron microscopic study. AM J PATROL 73: 7–18, 1973.Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    Stemerman MB, Ross R: Experimental arteriosclerosis. I. Fibrous plaque formation in primates, an electron microscopic study. J EXP MED 136: 769–789, 1972.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Ross R, Glomset JA, Kariya B, Harker LA: A platelet-dependent serum factor that stimulates the proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro. PROC NATL ACAD SCI USA 71: 1207 1210, 1974.Google Scholar
  29. 29.
    Rutherford BA, Ross R: Platelet factors stimulate fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells quiescent in plasma serum to proliferate. J CELL BIOL 69: 196–204, 1976.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Ihnatowycz I, Moore S, Mustard JF: Platelet growth factor (PGF) stimulation of DNA synthesis in smooth muscle cells (SMC) in vitro. FED PROC 36:351, Abst. No. 430, 1977.Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    Stout, RW, Bierman EL, Ross R: The effect of insulin on the proliferation of cultured primate arterial smooth muscle cells. CIRC RES 36: 319–327, 1975.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Fritz KE, Augustyn JM, Daoud AS, Jarmolych J: Effect of insulin on DNA synthesis of aortic explants in culture. FED PROC 36:401, Abst No. 698, 1977.Google Scholar
  33. 33.
    Ross R, Glomsett JA: Atherosclerosis and the arterial smooth muscle cell. SCIENCE 180: 1332–1339, 1973.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Brown BG, Mahley R, Assman G: Swine aortic smooth muscle in tissue culture: Some effects of purified swine lipoproteins on cell growth and morphology. CIRC RES 39: 415–424, 1976.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Augustyn JM, Fritz KE, Daoud AS, Jarmolych J: Effect of lipoprotein on in vitro synthesis of DNA in aortic tissue. ATHEROSCLEROSIS 27: 179–188, 1977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Spaet TH: Personal communication.Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    Groves HM, Kinlough-Rathbone RL: Personal communication.Google Scholar
  38. 38.
    Baumgartner HR: Platelet interaction with vascular structures. THROMB HAEMOSTAS (Suppl)51: 161–176, 1972.Google Scholar
  39. 39.
    Moore S, Friedman RJ, Singal DP, Gauldie J, Blajchman MA, Roberts RS: Inhibition of injury induced thrombo-atherosclerotic lesions by anti-platelet serum in rabbits. THROMB HAEMOSTAS 35: 70–81, 1976.Google Scholar
  40. 40.
    Moore S: Lipid containing fibrous plaques induced by repeated endothelial injury: Unpublished observations. Abstracts of 31st Annual Meeting Council on Arteriosclerosis. American Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Miami Beach, Nov. 28–30, 1977.Google Scholar
  41. 41.
    Friedman RJ, Stemerman MB, Wenz B, Moore S, Gauldie J, Gent R, Tiell ML, Spaet TH: The effect of thrombocytopenia on experimental arteriosclerotic lesion formation in rabbits. I. Smooth muscle cell proliferation and re-endothelialization. J CLIN INVEST 60: 1191–1201, 1977.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. 42.
    Minick CR, Murphy GE, Campbell WG Jr: Experimental induction of athero-arteriosclerosis by the synergy of allergic injury to arteries and lipid rich diet. I. Effect of repeated injections of horse serum in rabbits fed a dietary cholesterol supplement. J EXP MED 124: 635–652, 1966.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. 43.
    Minick CR, Murphy GE: Experimental induction of atheroarteriosclerosis by the synergy of allergic injury to arteries and lipid rich diet. II. Effect of repeatedly injected foreign protein in rabbits fed a lipid-rich, cholesterol-poor diet. AM J PATROL 73: 265–300, 1973.Google Scholar
  44. 44.
    Hardin NJ, Minick CR, Murphy GE: Experimental induction of athero-arteriosclerosis by the synergy of allergic injury to arteries and lipid rich diet. III. The role of earlier acquired fibromuscular intimai thickening in the pathogenesis of later developing atherosclerosis. AM J PATROL 73: 301–327, 1973.Google Scholar
  45. 45.
    Lamberson NV Jr, Fritz KE: Immunological enhancement of atherogenesis in rabbits: Persistent susceptibility to atherogenic diet following experimentally induced serum sickness. ARCH PATHOL LAB MED 98: 9–16, 1974.Google Scholar
  46. 46.
    Sharma HM, Geer JC: Experimental aortic lesions of acute serum sickness in rabbits. AM J PATROL 88: 255–266, 1977.Google Scholar
  47. 47.
    Moore S, Belbeck LW, Kinlough-Rathbone RL, Packham MA, Richardson M, Mustard JF: Unpublished observations.Google Scholar
  48. 48.
    Clowes AW, Karnovsky MJ: Failure of certain anti-platelet drugs to affect myointimal thickening following arterial endothelial injury in the rat. LAB INVEST 36: 452–464, 1977.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    Ihnatowycz I0, Cazenave J-P, Moore S, Mustard JF: Platelet derived growth factor production during platelet release reaction independent of the endoperoxide pathway. VI. International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Philadelphia 1977. ( Abstract).Google Scholar
  50. 50.
    Groves HM, Kinlough-Rathbone R, Belbeck LW, Richardson M, Moore S: Unpublished observations.Google Scholar
  51. 51.
    Gryglewski RJ, Bunting S, Moncada S, Flower RJ, Vane JR: Arterial walls are protected against deposition of platelet thrombi by a substance (prostaglandin X) which they make from prostaglandin endoperoxides. PROSTAGLANDINS 12: 685–713, 1976.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  52. 52.
    Harker LA, Slichter SJ, Scott CR, Ross R: Homocystinuria: Vascular injury and arterial thrombosis. N ENGL J MED 291: 537–543, 1974.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. 53.
    Clowes AC, Karnovsky MJ: Suppression by heparin of smooth muscle cell proliferation in injured arteries. NATURE 265: 625–626, 1977.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    Moore S: Clinical correlations. THROMB HAEMOSTAS 33: 417–425, 1975.Google Scholar
  55. 55.
    Tyson JE, deS DJ, Moore S: Thrombo-atheromatous complications of umbilical arterial catheterization in the newborn period. Clinico-pathological study. ARCH DIS CHILD 51: 744–754, 1976.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. 56.
    Kaegi A, Pineo GF, Shimazu A, Trivedi H, Hirsh J, Gent M: Arteriovenous shunt thrombosis; prevention by sulfinpyrazone. N ENGL J MED 290: 304–306, 1974.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. 57.
    Stehbens WE: Haemodynamic production of lipid deposition, intimal tears, mural dissection and thrombosis in the blood vessel wall. PROC R SOC LONDON [BIOL] 185: 357–373, 1974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. 58.
    Stehbens WE, Karmody AM: Venous atherosclerosis associated with arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis. ARCH SURG 110: 176–180, 1975.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. 59.
    Barboriak JJ, Pintar K, Korns ME: Atherosclerosis in aortocoronary vein grafts. LANCET II: 621–624, 1974.Google Scholar
  60. 60.
    Minick CR: Immunologic arterial injury in atherogenesis. ANN N Y ACAD SCI 275: 210–227, 1976.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. 61.
    Bieber CP, Stinson EB, Shumway NE, Payne R, Kosek J: Cardiac transplantation in man: Cardiac allograft pathology. CIRCULATION 41: 753–772, 1970.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. 62.
    Alonso DR, Starek PK, Minick CR: Studies on the pathogenesis of atheroarteriosclerosis induced in rabbit cardiac allografts by the synergy of graft rejection and hypercholesterolemia. AM J PATHOL 87: 415–442, 1977.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  63. 63.
    Harker LA, Ross R, Slichter J, Scott CR: Homocystine induced arteriosclerosis. J CLIN INVEST 58: 763–741, 1976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. 64.
    Groves HM, Kinlough-Rathbone RL, Richardson M, Mustard JF: Platelet survival and interaction with damaged rabbit aorta. Unpublished observations.Google Scholar
  65. 65.
    Wu KK, Armstrong ML, Hoak JC, Megan MB: Platelet aggregates in hypercholesterolemic rhesus monkeys. THROMB RES 7: 917–924, 1975.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. 66.
    Nelson E, Gertz SD, Rennels ML, Forbes MS, Kahn MA, Farber TJ, Heald FP, Earl FL: Endothelial lesions in the aorta of egg-yolk fed miniature swine; scanning and transmission electron microscopy. CIRCULATION 51–52 (Suppl II): II - 103, 1975.Google Scholar
  67. 67.
    Svendsen E, Jorgensen L: Loss of endothelium in rabbit aortas following short term cholesterol feeding. IVth International symposium on Atherosclerosis (Abs. F-81) Tokyo, Japan, Aug. 2428, 1976.Google Scholar
  68. 68.
    Davies PF, Reidy MA, Goode TB, Bowyer DE: Scanning electron microscopy in the evaluation of endothelial integrity of fatty lesions in atherosclerosis. ATHEROSCLEROSIS 25: 125–130, 1976.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  69. 69.
    Lewis JC, Kottke BA: Endothelial damage and thrombocyte ad-hesion in pigeon atherosclerosis. SCIENCE 196: 1007–1009, 1977.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  70. 70.
    Lewis JC, Fuster V, Kottke B: Thrombocytes in atherosclerosis susceptible breeds of pigeon: A comparative ultrastructural study. EXP MOL PATHOL 25: 332–343, 1976.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  71. 71.
    Fuster V, Lewis JC, Kottke BA, Ruiz CE, Bowie WA: Platelet factor 4-like activity in the initial stages of atherosclerosis in pigeons. THROMB RES 10: 169–172, 1977.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  72. 72.
    Clowes AW, Ryan GB, Breslow JL, Karnovsky MJ: Absence of enhanced intimai thickening in the response of the carotid arterial wall to endothelial injury in hypercholesterolemic rats. LAB INVEST 35: 6–17, 1976.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  73. 73.
    Daoud AS, Jarmolych J, Augustyn JM, Fritz KE, Singh KH, Lee KT: Regression of advanced atherosclerosis in swine. ARCH PATROL LAB MED 100: 372–379, 1974.Google Scholar
  74. 74.
    Katocs AS, Largis EE, Will LW, McClintock DK, Riggi SJ: Sterol deposition in the aortae of normocholesteremic-and hyper-cholesteremic rabbits subjected to aortic de-endothelialization. ARTERY 2: 38–52, 1976.Google Scholar
  75. 75.
    Friedman M, Byers SO, St. George S: Cortisone and experimental atherosclerosis. ARCH PATROL 77: 142–158, 1964.Google Scholar
  76. 76.
    Bjorkerud S: Endothelial permeability interpretation from experimental lesions. In ATHEROSCLEROSIS III. PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, edited by Schetten G, Weizel A, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1974, pp. 14–20.Google Scholar
  77. 77.
    Bondjers G, Bjorkerud S: Cholesterol accumulation and content in regions with defined endothelial integrity in the normal rabbit aorta. ATHEROSCLEROSIS 17: 71–83, 1971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  78. 78.
    Bjorkerud S, Bondjers G: Uptake, accumulation and removal of cholesterol from the normal and atherosclerotic arterial wall. NUTR NETAB 15: 27–36, 1973.Google Scholar
  79. 79.
    Minick CR, Stemerman MB, Insull W: Effect of regenerated endothelium on lipid accumulation in the arterial wall. PROC NATL ACAD SCI USA 74: 1724–1728, 1977.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  80. 80.
    Minick CR, Alonso DR, Litrenta MM, Silane MF, Stemerman MB: Regenerated endothelium and intimai proteoglycan accumulation. Abstracts of the 31st Annual Meeting of council on Arteriosclerosis November 28–30, 1977, Miami Beach.Google Scholar
  81. 81.
    Glatz CE, Massaro TA: Influence of glycosaminoglycan content on mass transfer behaviour of porcine artery wall. Part 2. Differences in mass transfer rates related to variation in glycosaminoglycan content. ATHEROSCLEROSIS 25: 165–173, 1976.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  82. 82.
    Iverius PH: The interaction between human plasma lipoprotein and connective tissue glucosaminoglycans. J BIOL CHEM 247: 2607–2613, 1972.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  83. 83.
    Curwen KD, Smith SC: Aortic glucosaminoglycans in atherosclerosis susceptible and resistant pigeons. EXP MOL PATHOL 27: 121–133, 1977.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  84. 84.
    Curran RC, Crane WAJ: Mucopolysaccharides in the atheromatous aorta. J PATROL 84: 405–412, 1962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  85. 85.
    Walton KW, Williamson N: Histological and immunofluorescent studies on the human atheromatous plaque. J ATHEROSCLER RES 8: 599–624, 1968.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  86. 86.
    Hoff HF, Lie TT, Titus JL, Bajardo RJ, Jackson RL, DeBakey ME, Lotto AM: Lipoproteins in atherosclerotic lesions. Investigation by immunofluorescence of APO-low density lipoproteins in human atherosclerotic arteries from normal and hyperlipoproteinemics. ARCH PATROL LAB MED 99: 253–258, 1975.Google Scholar
  87. 87.
    Hollander W: Unified concept on the role of acid mucopolysaccharides and connective tissue proteins in the accumulation of lipids, lipoproteins and calcium in the atherosclerotic plaque. EXP MOL ATHOL 25: 106–120, 1976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  88. 88.
    Eisenstein R, Larsson SE, Kuettner KE, Sorgente N, Hascall VC: The ground substance of the arterial wall. Part I: Extractability of glycosaminoglycans and the isolation of a proteoglycan from bovine aorta. ATHEROSCLEROSIS 22: 147, 1975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  89. 89.
    Cazenave J-P: Personal communication.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1978

Authors and Affiliations

  • Sean Moore
    • 1
  • Ihor O. Ihnatowycz
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of PathologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada

Personalised recommendations