Networks and the life sciences: the ARPA Network and Telenet

  • F. E. Heart
Chapter
Part of the FASEB Monographs book series (FASEBM, volume 2)

Abstract

The mushrooming of developments in computer/communication during the last 5 years has led to a rapid growth of interest in computer networks. A recent bibliography on Resource-Sharing Computer Networks (2) lists the number of published contributions for the years 1969, 1970, 1971, and 1972 as, respectively, 46, 94, 121, and 144. This sudden increase in interest was triggered by the United States’ decision, in 1968, to build the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Network. The ARPA Network has been widely reported, with many citations in (2); a few key references are (9–12, 15, 20) and recent interesting summaries of packet switching technology are given in (13, 19). Network projects are being undertaken all over the world; a recent document describing many such projects is (18), certain others are described in (4, 14, 17), and the involvement of satellite channels is discussed in (1). In the United States, commercial carriers based on the new-technology are rapidly evolving (16, 22). It has been possible for a long time for an individual to make use of several diverse remote computers; similarly, it has been possible to divide a problem among two or more geographically distant computers, or to use many different types of terminals with a computer service, and so on, and so forth. Such arrangements have typically been so laborious, however, that they have occurred very rarely. Now a new computer-communication partnership, and a burgeoning computer network technology, have moved a myriad of such activities from possible to convenient, and now such activities can and will really occur on a wide scale in many areas of application.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Abramson, N. Packet switching with satellites. AFIPS Conf. Proc. 42: 695–702, 1973.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Annotated Bibliography of the Literature on Resource Sharing Computer Networks. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, NBS Special Publication 384, SD Catalog No. C13. 10:384, Sept. 1973.Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    ARPA Directory. NIC 19275, Network Information Center, Menlo Park, Calif. Jan. 1974.Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Barber, D. L. A. The European computer network project. Proc. Intern. Conf. Corn-put. Commun. ICCC 72 CHO 690-8C, Oct. 1972, p. 192-200.Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Buchanan, B. G., and J. Lederberg. The heuristic dendral program for explaining empirical data. Proc. IFIP Congr. 1971 (Ljubljana), Aug. 1971, p. 91-100.Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Castleman, P. A., C. H. Russell, F. N. Webb, C. A. Hollister, J. R. Siegel, S. R. Zdonik and D. M. Fram. The implementation of the PROPHET system. AFIPS Conf. Proc. 43: 457–468, 1974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Corey, E. J., and W. T. Wipke. Computer-assisted design of complex organic syntheses. Science 166: 178–192, 1969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Feigenbaum, E. A., B. G. Buchanan and J. Lederberg. On generality and problem solving: A case study using the dendral program. In: Machine Intelligence 6. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1971.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Heart, F. E., R. E. Kahn, S. M. Ornstein, W. R. Crowther and D. C. Walden. The interface message processor for the ARPA computer network. AFIPS Conf. Proc. 36: 551–567, 1970.Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    Heart, F. E., S. M. Ornstein, W. R. Crowther and W. B. Barker. A new minicomputer/multiprocessor for the ARPA network. AFIPS Conf. Proc. 42: 529–537, 1973.Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    McKenzie, A. A., B. P. Cosell, J. M. McQuillan and M. J. Thrope. The network control center for the ARPA Network. Proc. Intern. Conf. Comput. Commun, ICCC 72 CHO 690-8C, Oct. 1972, p. 185-191.Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    McQuillan, J. M., W. R. Crowther, B. P. Cosell, D. C. Walden and F. E. Heart. Improvements in the design and performance of the ARPA network. AFIPS Conf. Proc. 41: 741–754, 1972.Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    Metcalfe, R. Packet Communication. Project MAC Report #MAC TR-114, MIT, Cambridge, Mass., Dec. 1973.Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    Oizumi, J. Plans for a Japanese university computer network. Proc. 7 Hawaii Intern. Conf. on System Sci. (Comput. Nets Suppl.), Western Periodicals Co., Jan. 1974, p. 27-29.Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Ornstein, S. M., F. E. Heart, W. R. Crowther, H. K. Rising, S. B. Russell and A. Michel. The terminal IMP for the ARPA computer network. AFIPS Conf. Proc. 40: 243–254, 1972.Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Packet Communications Inc. Application to the FCC for Common Carrier Status. FCC No. P-C-8533, Jan. 1973.Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    Pouzin, L. Presentation and major design aspects of the Cyclades computer network. Proc. Datacomm 73, IEEE 73 CHO 828-4C, Nov. 1973, p. 80-85.Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Proceedings of the International Advanced Study Institute on Computer Communication Networks. Leyden, The Netherlands: Noordhoff, 1974.Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    Roberts, L. G. Data by the packet. IEEE Spectrum 1974, p. 46-51.Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    Roberts, L. G., and B. D. Wessler. Computer network development to achieve resource sharing. Am. Fed. Inform. Proc. Soc. (AFIPS) Conf Proc. 36: 543–549, 1970.Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    Several Papers, Session on Teleconferencing. Proc. Intern. Conf. Comput. Commun. ICCC 72 CHO 690-8C, Oct. 1972.Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    Telenet Communications Corporation. Application for a Public Packet Switched Data Communications Network. FCC No. P-C-8750, Oct. 1973.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1974

Authors and Affiliations

  • F. E. Heart
    • 1
  1. 1.Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.CambridgeUSA

Personalised recommendations