Recent Endocrine and Metabolic Investigations Relevant to Obesity

  • Jules Hirsch
  • Bruce S. Schneider
Chapter

Abstract

It will not be the objective of this report to provide a comprehensive review of current research on obesity. Such reviews have appeared periodically, a recent excellent example being the published report of a conference held under the auspices of the Fogarty International Health Center (Bray, 1973). The purpose of this review is to describe several recent developments in obesity research, which have excited the interest of those involved in the study of human obesity and which have particular relevance to diabetes and metabolism.

Keywords

Insulin Level Insulin Receptor Obese Subject Insulin Binding Acanthosis Nigricans 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Amatruda, J. M., Livingston, J. N., and Lockwood, D. H., 1975, Insulin receptor: Role in the resistance of human obesity to insulin, Science 188: 264.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Ames, F. C., Copeland, E. M., Leeb, D. C., Moore, D. L., and Dudrick, S. J., 1976, Liver dysfunction following small-bowel bypass for obesity—Nonoperative treatment of fatty metamorphosis with parenteral hyperalimentation, J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 235: 1249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Archer, J. A., Gorden, P., and Roth, J., 1975, Defect in insulin binding to receptors in obese man—Amelioration with calorie restriction, J. Clin. Invest. 55: 166.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Becker, E. E., and Kissileff, H. R., 1974, Inhibitory controls of feeding by the ventromedial hypothalamus, Amer. J. Physiol. 226: 383.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Blackburn, G. L., and Flatt, J. P., 1973, Preservation of lean body mass during acute weight reduction, Fed. Proc. Fed. Amer. Soc. Exp. Biol. 32: 916.Google Scholar
  6. Bray, G. A., 1973, Obesity in Perspective (G. A. Bray, ed.), DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 75–708, Fogarty International Center Series on Preventive Medicine, Vol 2, Part 2, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
  7. Bray, G. A., Barry, R. E., and Benfield, J. R., 1976, Intestinal bypass surgery for obesity: Risks and mechanisms, Clin. Res. 24: 484A.Google Scholar
  8. Chopra, I. J., Chopra, U., Smith, S. R., Reza, M., and Solomon, D. H., 1975, Reciprocal changes in serum concentrations of 3,3’,5’-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) and 3,3’,5-triiodothyronine (T3) in systemic illnesses, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 41: 1043.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Debons, A. F., Krimsky, I., Likuski, H. J., From, A., and Cloutier, R. J., 1968, Gold thioglucose damage to the satiety center: Inhibition in diabetes, Amer. J. Physiol. 214: 652.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Debons, A. F., Krimsky, I., From, A., and Cloutier, R. J., 1969, Rapid effects of insulin on the hypothalamic satiety center, Amer. J. Physiol. 217: 1114.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Earnest, D. L., Johnson, G., Williams, H. E., and Admirand, W. H., 1974, Hyperoxaluria in patients with ileal resection: An abnormality in dietary oxalate absorption, Gastroenterology 66: 1114.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Flatt, J. P., and Blackburn, G. L., 1974, The metabolic fuel regulatory system: Implications for protein-sparing therapies during caloric deprivation and disease, Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 27: 175.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Frederickson, D. S., and Gordon, R. S., Jr. 1958, Transport of fatty acids, Physiol. Rev. 38: 585.Google Scholar
  14. Frohman, L. A., Bernardis, L. L., Schnatz, J. D., and Burek, L., 1969, Plasma insulin and triglyceride levels after hypothalamic lesions in weanling rats, Amer. J. Physiol. 216: 1496.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Genuth, S. M., Castro, J. H., and Vertes, V., 1974, Weight reduction in obesity by outpatient semistarvation, J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 230: 987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Gibbs, J., Young, R. C., and Smith, G. P., 1973, Cholecystokinin elicits satiety in rats with open gastric fistulas, Nature 245: 323.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Gibbs, J., Falasco, J. D., and McHugh, P. R., 1976, Cholecystokinin—Decreased food intake in rhesus monkeys, Amer. J. Physiol. 230: 15.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Hales, C. N., and Kennedy, G. C., 1964, Plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acid and insulin concentrations in hypothalamic-hyperphagic rats, Biochem. J. 90: 620.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Hirsch, J., 1972, Discussion, in: Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol. 7 ( F. Reichsman, ed.), pp. 229–242, Karger, Basel.Google Scholar
  20. Kahn, C. R., Flier, J. S., Bar, R. S., Archer, J. A., Gorden, P., Martin, M. M., and Roth, J., 1976, The syndromes of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans—Insulin-receptor disorders in man, N. Engl. J. Med. 294: 739.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Karam, J. H., Grodsky, G. M., and Forsham, P. H., 1963, Excessive insulin response to glucose in obese subjects as measured by immunochemical assay, Diabetes 12: 197.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Liebling, D. S, Eisner, J. D., Gibbs, J., and Smith, G. P., 1975, Intestinal satiety in rats, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 89: 955.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Mackay, E. M., Callaway, J. W., and Barnes, R. H., 1940, Hyperalimentation in normal animals produced by protamine insulin, J. Nutr. 20: 59.Google Scholar
  24. Nestel, P. J., and Whyte, H. M., 1968, Plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride turnover in obesity, Metabolism 17: 1122.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Neumann, R. O., 1902, Experimentelle Beiträge zur Lehre von dem täglichen Nahrungsbedarf des Menschen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Notwendigen Eiweifsmenge, Arch. Hyg. 45: 1.Google Scholar
  26. Novin, D., Sanderson, J. D., and Vanderweele, D. A., 1974, The effect of isotonic glucose on eating as a function of feeding condition and infusion site, Physiol. Behay. 13: 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Olefsky, J., Reaven, G. M., and Farquhar, J. W., 1974, Effects of weight reduction on obesity. Studies of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in normal and hyperlipoproteinemic subjects, J. Clin. Invest. 53: 64.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Panksepp, J., 1973, Reanalysis of feeding patterns in the rat, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 82: 78.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Reaven, G. M., Lerner, R. L., Stern, M. P., and Farquhar, J. W., 1967, Role of insulin in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, J. Clin. Invest. 46: 1756.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Roth, J., Kahn, C. R., Lesniak, M. A., Gorden, P., De Meyts, P., Megyesi, K., Neville, D. M., Jr., Gavin, J. R., Soll, A. H., III, Freychet, P., Goldfine, I. D., Bar, R. S., and Archer, J. A., 1975, Receptors for insulin, NSILA-S, and growth hormone: Applications to disease states in man, Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 31: 95.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Russek, M., 1963, Participation of hepatic glucoreceptors in the control of intake of food, Nature 197: 79.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Russek, M., 1976, A conceptual equation of intake control, in: Hunger: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications ( D. Novin, W. Wyrwicka, and G. A. Bray, eds.), pp. 327–347, Raven Press, New York.Google Scholar
  33. Salmon, P. A., 1971, The results of small intestine bypass operations for the treatment of obesity, Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 132: 965.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. Sims, E. A. H., 1976, Experimental obesity, dietary-induced thermogenesis, and their clinical implications, in: Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism (M. J. Albrink, ed.), W. B. Saunders Co. Ltd., London (in press).Google Scholar
  35. Sims, E. A. H., Danforth, E., Jr., Horton, E. S., Bray, G. A., Glennon, J. A., and Salans, L. B., 1973, Endocrine and metabolic effects of experimental obesity in man, Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 29: 457.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. Smith, G. P., Gibbs, J., and Young, R. C., 1974, Cholecystokinin and intestinal satiety in the rat, Fed. Proc. Fed. Amer. Soc. Exp. Biol. 33: 1146.Google Scholar
  37. Soll, A. H., Kahn, C. R., Neville, D. M., Jr., and Roth, J., 1975, Insulin receptor deficiency in genetic and acquired obesity, J. Clin. Invest. 56: 769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Stern, J. S., Hollander, N., Batchelor, B. R., Cohn, C. K., and Hirsch, J., 1972, Adipose-cell size and immunoreactive insulin levels in obese and normal-weight adults, Lancet 2: 948.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. Stern, J. S., Johnson, P. R., Batchelor, B. R., Zucker, L. M., and Hirsch, J., 1975, Pancreatic insulin release and peripheral tissue resistance in Zucker obese rats fed high-and low-carbohydrate diets, Amer. J. Physiol. 228: 543.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. Sullivan, A. C., Triscari, J., Hamilton, J. G., and Miller, O. N., 1974, Effect of (—)-hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat: II. Appetite, Lipids 9: 129.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Sullivan, A. C., and Triscari, J., 1976, Possible interrelationship between metabolite flux and appetite, in: Hunger: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications ( D. Novin, W. Wyrwicka, and G. A. Bray, eds.), pp. 115–125, Raven Press, New York.Google Scholar
  42. Woods, S. C., and Porte, D., Jr., 1976, Insulin and the set-point regulation of body weight, in: Hunger: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications ( D. Novin, W. Wyrwicka, and G. A. Bray, eds.), pp. 273–280, Raven Press, New York.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Plenum Publishing Corporation 1976

Authors and Affiliations

  • Jules Hirsch
    • 1
  • Bruce S. Schneider
    • 1
  1. 1.Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUSA

Personalised recommendations