Biochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Movement Disorders in Huntington’s Disease

  • Richard L. Borison
  • Ana Hitri
  • Bruce I. Diamond
Chapter

Abstract

The neurochemistry of Huntington’s disease (HD) presents an unusual problem. Since this disorder is progressive and deteriorative, the relative neurochemical balance may be quite different depending on what stage of illness was obtained prior to death and autopsy analysis of the brain. Furthermore, with the significant loss of tissue that occurs with degeneration, the relative concentrations of transmitters, enzymes, and receptors may appear falsely high when expressed per milligram of tissue. Other issues that obscure the neurochemical analysis of HD include the variability of genetic expression (e.g., differences in times of onset of choreas, dementia), which make it unlikely that any two HD brains will necessarily show concordance upon neurochemical analysis. Finally, it is quite likely that brain plasticity may account for homeostatic neurochemical changes in some neurotransmitter systems to compensate for the loss, due to degeneration, of other neurotransmitters and neuroanatomical pathways. Thus, our review of HD neurochemistry may at times seem contradictory, most likely because of one or more of these factors. It is important, however, to remember that HD is not a static illness, and neurochemical analysis at any particular stage of illness may show a wide variability.

Keywords

Movement Disorder Caudate Nucleus Huntington Disease Globus Pallidus Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Plenum Publishing Corporation 1986

Authors and Affiliations

  • Richard L. Borison
    • 1
  • Ana Hitri
    • 1
  • Bruce I. Diamond
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of PsychiatryDowntown Veterans Administration Medical Center, and Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaUSA

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