The N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-Sensitive ATPase in Streptococcus faecalis Membranes

  • Adolph Abrams
  • Richard M. Leimgruber
Chapter

Abstract

Much has been learned in recent years about the structure of the proton-translocating ATPases (H+-ATPase) in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria, although the molecular basis for its action remains obscure. This membrane-associated enzyme may contain up to 20 polypeptide chains of 7 to 10 kinds and is one of the most complicated multisubunit complexes in nature. Hopefully some useful insights may emerge by comparing various structural features of the enzyme obtained from widely different sources. Although H+-ATPases are reversible, there could be some fundamental differences, particularly at the level of the subunit structure, between an H+-ATPase that functions physiologically mainly as an ATP synthetase, as in mitochondria, chloroP lasts, and aerobic bacteria, and the H+-ATPase that operates only in the hydrolytic direction, as in Streptococcus faecalis. With comparative aspects in mind, we will survey in this review the current status of the subunit structure of the N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD)-sensitive ATPase in S. faecalis. As far as we are aware, S. faecalis is the only strictly fermentative organism whose H+-ATPase has been studied in considerable detail. This organism is a homolactic fermenter and lacks a respiratory chain. Consequently, ATP generated glycolytically is the sole energy source and the H+-ATPase is used solely for the purpose of coupling ATP hydrolysis to solute transport (Harold et al., 1969; Abrams et al., 1972; Harold and Spitz, 1975). The ATPase is firmly associated with the plasma membrane ghosts that are formed when protoplasts are subjected to osmotic or metabolic lysis (Abrams, 1965). However, washing the membranes with low-ionic-strength buffers causes release of the ATPase in a water-soluble form provided that multivalent cations are absent (Abrams, 1965). Complete reattachment of the soluble ATPase to depleted membranes can occur when Mg2+ ions are added (Abrams and Baron, 1968). These effects of ionic strength and Mg2+ suggest that both electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic forces are involved in maintaining the stability of the ATPase-membrane complex (Abrams and Smith, 1974). Notably, a similar low-salt wash procedure is effective for solubilizing the ATPase in a variety of bacterial membranes (Abrams and Smith, 1974; Downie et al., 1979), but for some unknown reason it seems to be ineffective for the eukaryotic H+-ATPase.

Keywords

Subunit Structure Membrane Sector Sensitive ATPase Diazo Benzene DCCD Inhibition 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Plenum Press, New York 1982

Authors and Affiliations

  • Adolph Abrams
    • 1
  • Richard M. Leimgruber
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Biochemistry/Biophysics/GeneticsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineDenverUSA

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