Narcotic Drugs pp 137-158 | Cite as

Biotransformations

  • Joseph T. Scrafani
  • Doris H. Clouet
Chapter

Abstract

Although narcotic analgesic drugs, like other drugs, are foreign to the animal body, they have enough chemical resemblance to normal body constituents to act as substrates for enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The resulting metabolites may be more or less active pharmacologically than the parent compound or may be completely inactive. The importance of such biotransformations is manyfold: (1) the effective exposure of drug to tissue is defined by drug catabolism, be the metabolite more active, less active, or inactive, (2) the competition between drug and a natural substrate for an enzymatic site may change the balance of the chemical equilibrium of a tissue, (3) the identity of a more active metabolite of the drug may be discovered through a study of the metabolism of the parent drug, and (4) the biotransformation usually converts a lipid-soluble drug to a more water-soluble catabolite, thus easing and hastening the elimination of the drug from the body.

Keywords

Narcotic Drug Ethereal Sulfate Narcotic Antagonist Inducer Drug Oxidized Methyl Group 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Plenum Press, New York 1971

Authors and Affiliations

  • Joseph T. Scrafani
    • 1
  • Doris H. Clouet
    • 1
  1. 1.New York State Research Institute for Neurochemistry and Drug AddictionWard’s IslandUSA

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