Institutional Settings

  • Joachim F. Wohlwill
  • Gerald D. Weisman

Abstract

This chapter focuses on a variety of social institutions, all of which share several important characteristics: all serve specific populations (e. g., students, elderly, inmates); all are intended to serve particular social/behavioral functions (e. g., education, medical care, rehabilitation); and with the exception of most educational environments, they are all what have been characterized as “total institutions.”

Keywords

Institutional Setting Nursery School Physical Setting Dissertation Abstract Psychiatric Ward 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

Educational Environments

  1. 928.
    Castaldi, B. CREATIVE PLANNING OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES. Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1969. 364 pp.Google Scholar
  2. 929.
    Coates, G. ALTERNATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS. Stroudsburg, Pa.: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, 1974. 387 pp.Google Scholar
  3. 930.
    King, J., & Marans, R. W. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND THE LEARNING PROCESS: A STUDY OF RECENT RESEARCH. Ann Arbor, Mi.: Survey Research Center and Architectural Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, 1979. 85 pp.Google Scholar
  4. 931.
    Kritchevsky, S., & Prescott, E. PLANNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR YOUNG CHILDREN: PHYSICAL SPACE. Washington, D. C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1969. 56 pp.Google Scholar
  5. 932.
    Larson, C. T. THE EFFECT OF WINDOWLESS CLASSROOMS ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN. Ann Arbor, Mi.: University of Michigan Press, 1965. 111 pp.Google Scholar
  6. 933.
    Manning, P. (Ed.) THE PRIMARY SCHOOL: AN ENVIRONMENT FOR EDUCATION. Liverpool: University of Liverpool, Department of Building Science, 1967. 163 pp.Google Scholar
  7. 934.
    Markus, T. A., BUILDING PERFORMANCE. New York: Wiley, 1972. 281 pp.Google Scholar
  8. 935.
    Moore, G. T., Cohen, U. DESIGNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR HANDICAPPED CHILDREN: A DESIGN GUIDE AND CASE STUDY. New York: Educational Facilities Laboratories, 1979. 95 pp.Google Scholar
  9. 936.
    Moos, R. H. EVALUATING EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1979. xvi, 334 pp.Google Scholar
  10. 937.
    Nimnicht, G., McAfee, O., & Meier, J. THE NEW NURSERY SCHOOL. Morris town, New Jersey: General Learning Press, 1969. 181 pp.Google Scholar
  11. 938.
    Propst, R. HIGH SCHOOL: THE PROCESS AND THE PLACE. New York: Educational Facilities Laboratories, 1972. 119 pp.Google Scholar
  12. 939.
    Ambrose, K., & Ambrose, L. Improving library effectiveness through a sociophysical analysis. Bulletin of the Medical Libraries Association, 1977, 65, 430 – 442.Google Scholar
  13. 940.
    Artinian, V. A. The elementary school classroom: A study of the built environment. In #35 (EDRA-2), pp. 13–21.Google Scholar
  14. 941.
    Artinian, V. A. Performance appraisal and the user: A paradox. Industrialization Forum, 19 72, 3, 37 – 40.Google Scholar
  15. 942.
    Axelrod, S., Hall, R. V., & Tams, A. Comparison of two common classroom seating arrangements. Academic Therapy, 1979, 15, 29 – 36.Google Scholar
  16. 943.
    Becker D., & Janzen, H. Behavioral mapping of student Activity in open-area and traditional schools. American Educational Research Journal, 1978, 15, 507 – 517.Google Scholar
  17. 944.
    Becker, F. D., College classroom ecology. Sociometry, 1973, 36, 514 – 525.Google Scholar
  18. 945.
    Bell, A. E., Switzer, F., & Zipursky, M. A. Open area education: An advantage or disadvantage for beginners? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1974, 39, 407 – 416.Google Scholar
  19. 946.
    Brody, G., & Zimmerman, B. The effects of modeling and classroom organization on the personal space of third and fourth grade children. American Educational Research Journal 1975, 12, 157 – 168.Google Scholar
  20. 947.
    Brunetti, F. A. Noise, distraction and privacy in conventional and open school environments. In #36 (EDRA-3), Vol. 1, Sec. 12.2, pp. 1–6.Google Scholar
  21. 948.
    Downing, L. L., & Bothwell, K. H. Open-space schools: Anticipation of peer interaction and development of cooperative independence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1979, 71, 478 – 484.Google Scholar
  22. 949.
    Durlak, J. T., Beardsley, B. E., & Murray, J. S. Observation of user activity patterns in open and traditional plan school environments. In #36 (EDRA-3), Vol. 1, Sec. 12.4, pp. 1–8.Google Scholar
  23. 950.
    Dykman, B. M., & Reis, H. T. Personality correlates of classroom seating position. Journal of Educational Psychology 1979, 71, 346 – 354.Google Scholar
  24. 951.
    Evans, G. W., & Lovell, B. Design modifications in an open plan school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1979, 71, 41 – 49.Google Scholar
  25. 952.
    Evans, K. The spatial organization of infants schools, Journal of Architectural Research, 1974, 3 (1), 26 – 33.Google Scholar
  26. 953.
    Fagot, B. I. Variations in density: Effect on task and social behaviors of pre-school children. Developmental Psychology, 1977, 13j 166 – 167.Google Scholar
  27. 954.
    Gorton, C. E. The effects of various classroom environments on performance of a mental task by mentally retarded and normal children.Google Scholar
  28. 955.
    Gottlieb, J., & Budoff, M. Social acceptability of retarded children in nongraded schools of differing architecture. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1973, 78, 15 – 19.Google Scholar
  29. 956.
    Gump, P. V. School environments. In #10 (Altman & Wohlwill 3) pp. 131–174.Google Scholar
  30. 957.
    Gump, P. V., with Good, L. R. Environments operating in open space and traditionally designed schools. Journal of Architectural Research, 1976 5 (1), 20 – 27.Google Scholar
  31. 958.
    Harper, L. V., & Sanders, K. M. Pre-school children’s use of space: Sex differences in outdoor play. Developmental Psychology, 1975, 11, 119.Google Scholar
  32. 959.
    Karmel, L. J. Effects of windowless classroom environments on high school students. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1965, 20, 277 – 278.Google Scholar
  33. 960.
    Konyea, M. Location and interactions in row-and- column seating arrangements. Environment and Behavior, 1976, 8, 265 – 282.Google Scholar
  34. 961.
    Krantz, P. J., & Risley, T. R. Behavioral ecology in the classroom. In K. D. O’Leary & S.G. O’Leary (Eds.), CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT: THE SUCCESSFUL USE OF BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION. New York: Pergamon Press, 1977.Google Scholar
  35. 962.
    Lewis, D. T. Noise in primary schools: Implications for design. Journal of Architectural Research, 1977, 6 (1), 34 – 37.Google Scholar
  36. 963.
    Lukasevich, A., & Gray, R. F. Open space, open education, and pupil performance. The Elementary School Journal, 1978, 79, 108 – 114.Google Scholar
  37. 964.
    Morrison T. L., & Thomas, M. D. Self-esteem and classroom participation. Journal of Educational Research, 1975, 68, 374 – 377.Google Scholar
  38. 965.
    Reiss, S., & Dydhalo, N. Persistence, achievement and open space environments. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1975, 679 506 – 513.Google Scholar
  39. 966.
    Rivlin, L., & Rothenberg, M. The use of space in open classrooms. In #30 (Proshansky, 1976 ), pp. 479 – 489.Google Scholar
  40. 967.
    Ross, R., & Gump, P. V. Measurement of designed and modified openness in elementary school buildings. In #41 (EDRA-8), pp. 243–251.Google Scholar
  41. 968.
    Sanders, S. G., & Wren, J. P. The open-space school- how effective? Elementary School Journal, 1976, 77, 57 – 62.Google Scholar
  42. 969.
    Schwebel, A. I., & Cherlin, D. L. Physical and social distancing in teacher-pupil relationships. Journal of Educational Psdychology, 1972, 63, 543 – 550.Google Scholar
  43. 970.
    Seidner, C.J. Cognitive and affective outcomes for pupils in an open-space elementary school: A comparative study. The Elementary School Journal, 1978, 78, 208 – 219.Google Scholar
  44. 971.
    Shure, M. B. Psychological ecology of a nursery school. Child Development, 1963, 3, 979–992.Google Scholar
  45. 972.
    Slater, B. Effects of noise on pupil performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1968, 59, 239 – 243.Google Scholar
  46. 973.
    Smith, P. Aspects of the playgroup environment. In #47 ( Canter & Lee ), pp. 56 – 62.Google Scholar
  47. 974.
    Smith, P. K., & Connelly, K. Toys, space and children. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 1973, 26, 167.Google Scholar
  48. 975.
    Sommer, R. Classroom ecology. Journal of 976. Sommer, R. The ecology of study areas. Environment and Behavior, 1970, 2, 271 – 280.Google Scholar
  49. 977.
    Sommer, R., & Olsen, H. The soft classroom. Environment and Behavior, 1980, 12, 3 – 16.Google Scholar
  50. 978.
    Stebbins, R. A. Physical context influences on behavior: The case of classroom disorderliness. Environment and Behavior, 1973, 291 – 314.Google Scholar
  51. 979.
    Stires, L. Classroom seating location, student grades and attitudes: Environment or self-selection. Environment and Behavior, 1980, 12, 241-254.Applied Behavioral Science, 1967, 3, 489 – 503.Google Scholar
  52. 980.
    Traub, R. E., Closure on openness: Describing and quantifying open education. Interchange, 1974, 3, 69 – 84.Google Scholar
  53. 981.
    Walberg, H. Physical and psychological distance in the classroom. The School Review, 1969, 77, 64 – 70.Google Scholar
  54. 982.
    Walsh, D. P. Noise levels in open plan educational facilities. Journal of Architectural Research, 1975, 4 (2), 5 – 16.Google Scholar
  55. 983.
    Weinstein, C. S. Modifying student behavior in an open classroom through changes in physical design. American Educational Research Journal, 1977, 14, 249 – 262.Google Scholar
  56. 984.
    Weinstein, C. S. The physical environment of the school: A review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 1979, 49, 577 – 610.Google Scholar
  57. 985.
    Weinstein, C. S., & Weinstein, N. D. Noise and reading performance in an open space school. Journal of Educational Research, 1979, 72, 210 – 213.Google Scholar
  58. 986.
    Wright, R. J. The affective and cognitive consequences of an open education elementary school. American Educational Research Journal, 1975, 12, 449 – 465.Google Scholar
  59. 987.
    Zifferblatt, S. M. Architecture and human behavior: Toward an understanding of a functional relationship. Educational Technology, 1972, 12, 54 – 57.Google Scholar
  60. 988.
    Chambers, J. A. A study of attitudes and feelings toward windowless classrooms. Dissertation Abstracts International, 1964, 24, 4498.Google Scholar
  61. 989.
    Gingold, W. The effects of physical environment on children’s behavior. Dissertation Abstracts International, 1971, 32-A, 2947.Google Scholar
  62. 990.
    Johnson, R. H. The effects of four modified elements of a classroom’s physical environment on the socio-psychological environment of a class. Dissertation Abstracts International, 1973, 34–A, 1002.Google Scholar
  63. 991.
    Wang, Y. T. The result of differential seating arrangements upon students’ anxiety level, acquaintance volume, and perceived social distance. Dissertation Abstracts International, 1973, 33-A, 4191.Google Scholar
  64. 992.
    Warner, J. B. A comparison of students’ and teachers’ performance in an open area facility and in self- contained classrooms. Dissertation Abstracts International, 1971, 31-A, 385Google Scholar

Medical Care and Mental Health Environments

  1. 993.
    Canter, D. & Canter S. DESIGNING FOR THERAPEUTIC ENVIRONMENTS. New York: Wiley, 1979. 352 pp.Google Scholar
  2. 994.
    Cleveland State Hospital, Research Department. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MATERIALS USEFUL FOR CHANGE IN MENTAL HOSPITALS: ARCHITECTURE, INSTITUTIONAL SETTINGS AND HEALTH. Monticello, 111,: Council of Planning Librarians, 1973. (Exchange Bibliographies, Nos. 463, 464, & 465 ) 464 pp.Google Scholar
  3. 995.
    Cleveland State Hospital, Research Department. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MATERIALS USEFUL FOR CHANGE IN MENTAL HOSPITALS: ARCHITECTURE, INSTITUTIONAL SETTINGS, AND HEALTH. Monticello, 111,: 19 74. (Exchange Bibliographies, Nos. 533 & 534 ) 80 pp.Google Scholar
  4. 996.
    Cohen, U., & Pencikowski, B. User/environment interface in health care systems. Monticello, 111.: Council of Planning Libraries, 1973. (Exchange Bibliographies, No. 367 ) 27 pp.Google Scholar
  5. 997.
    Good, L. R., Siegel, S. M. & Bay, A. P. (Eds.) THERAPY BY DESIGN: IMPLICATIONS OF ARCHITECTURE FOR HUMAN BEHAVIOR. Springfield, 111.: C. C. Thomas, 1965. 193 pp.Google Scholar
  6. 998.
    Knight, R. D., Weitzer, W., & Zimring, C. OPPORTUNITY FOR CONTROL AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT: THE EFFECTS OF THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT ON THE MENTALLY RETARDED. Amherst, Mass.: The Environmental Institute, University of Massachusetts, 1978. 308 pp.Google Scholar
  7. 999.
    Lindheim, R., Glaser, H., & Coffin, C. CHANGING HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR CHILDREN. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972. xii, 206 pp.Google Scholar
  8. 1000.
    Sears, D., & Auld, R. HUMAN VALUATION OF COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS. London: Joint Unit for Planning Research, University College & London School of Economics, 1976.Google Scholar
  9. 1001.
    Thompson, J. D., & Goldin, G. THE HOSPITAL: A SOCIAL AND ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975. xxviii, 349 pp.Google Scholar
  10. 1002.
    Anderson, H. E., Good, L. R., & Hurtig, W. E. Designing a mental health center to replace a county hospital. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 1978, 27, 807 – 813.Google Scholar
  11. 1003.
    Angell, M. F., & Spaeth, G. L. Multibed rooms improve morale, patient survey shows. Hospitals, 1968, 42, 57 – 58.Google Scholar
  12. 1004.
    Becker, F. D., & Poe, D. B. The effects of user-generated design modifications in a general hospital. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 1980, 4, 195 – 218.Google Scholar
  13. 1005.
    Canter, D. Children in hospital: A facet theory approach to person/place synomorphy. Journal of Architectural Research, 1977, 6, 20 – 32.Google Scholar
  14. 1006.
    Canter, D. Royal Hospital for Sick Children: A psychological analysis. Architects Journal, 1972, 156, 525 – 564.Google Scholar
  15. 1007.
    Cheek, F. E., Maxwell, R., & Weisman, R. Carpeting the ward: An exploratory study in environmental psychology. Mental Hygiene, 1971, 55, 109 – 118.Google Scholar
  16. 1008.
    Commock, R. Confidentiality in health centers and group practices: Use implications for design. Journal of Architectural Research, 1975, 4(1), A-17.Google Scholar
  17. 1010.
    Fairbanks, L., The ethological study of four psychiatric wards: Patient, staff and system behaviors. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1977, 13, 193 – 209.Google Scholar
  18. 1011.
    Holahan, C. J. Seating patterns and patient behavior in an experimental day room. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1972, 8£, 115–124.Google Scholar
  19. 1012.
    Holahan, C. J. Environmental change is a psychiatric setting: A social systems analysis. Human Relations, 1976, 29, 153 – 166.Google Scholar
  20. 1013.
    Holahan, C. J., & Saegert, S. Behavioral and attitudinal effects of large-scale variation in the physical environment of psychiatric wards. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1973, 82, 454 – 462.Google Scholar
  21. 1014.
    Hunter, A., Schooler, C., & Spohn, H. The measurement of characteristic patterns of ward behavior in chronic schizophrenics. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1962, 26, 69 – 73.Google Scholar
  22. 1015.
    Kenny, C., & Canter, D. Evaluating acute general hospitals. In #993 ( Canter & Canter ), pp. 309 – 332.Google Scholar
  23. 1016.
    Kreger, K. C. Compensatory environment programming for the severely retarded behaviorally disturbed. Mental Retardation, 1971, 9, 29 – 32.Google Scholar
  24. 1017.
    Ittelson, W. H., Proshansky, H. M., & Rivlin, L. G. Bedroom size and social interaction of the psychiatric ward. Environment and Behavior, 1970, 2 255 – 270.Google Scholar
  25. 1018.
    Lawton, M. P., Liebowitz, R., & Charon, H. Physical structure and the behavior of senile patients following ward remodeling. Aging and Human Development, 1970, 1, 231 – 239.Google Scholar
  26. 1019.
    LeCompte, W. F. The taxonomy of a treatment environment. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1972, 53, 109 – 114.Google Scholar
  27. 1020.
    Levy, E., & McLeod, W. The effects of environmental design on adolescents in an institution. Mental Retardation, 1977, 15, 28 – 32.Google Scholar
  28. 1021.
    Lippert, S. Travel in nursing units. Human Factors, 1971, 13, 269 – 282.Google Scholar
  29. 1022.
    McClannahan, L. E., & Risley, T. R. Design of living environments for nursing home residents: Increasing participation in recreation activities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1975, 261 – 268.Google Scholar
  30. 1023.
    McLaughlin, H. Evaluating the effectiveness of innovative design for a community mental health center. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 1976, 27, 566 – 571.Google Scholar
  31. 1024.
    Nehrke, M. F., Health status, room size, and activity level: Research in an institutional setting. Environment and Behavior, 1979, 11, 451 – 463.Google Scholar
  32. 1025.
    Pelletier, R., & Thompson, J. D. Yale Index measures design efficiency. Modern Hospital, 1960, 95 (5), 73 – 77.Google Scholar
  33. 1026.
    Piedmont, E., & Dornblaser, B. Evaluation of patient welfare. Health Services Research, 1970, 5, 248 – 257.Google Scholar
  34. 1027.
    Pill, R. Space and social structure in two children’s wards. Sociological Review, 1967, 151, 179 – 192.Google Scholar
  35. 1028.
    Plutchik, R., Schulman, R. & Conte, H. Territorial and communication patterns of patients and staff members in a mental hospital. Mental Hygiene, 1972, 5, 102 – 104.Google Scholar
  36. 1029.
    Rago, W. V., Parker, R. M., & Cleland, C. C. Effect of increased space on the social behavior of institutionalized profoundly retarded male adults. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1978, 82, 554 – 558.Google Scholar
  37. 1030.
    Reizenstein, J. E., & McBride, W. A. Design for normalization: A social environmental evaluation of a community for mentally retarded adults. Journal of Architectural Research, 1977, 6 (1), 10 – 23.Google Scholar
  38. 1031.
    Rivlin, L. G., & Wolfe, M. The early history of a psychiatric hospital for children. Environment and Behavior, 1972, 4, 33 – 72.Google Scholar
  39. 1032.
    Ronco, P. G., Human factors applied to hospital patient care. Human Factors, 1972, 14 461 – 470.Google Scholar
  40. 1033.
    Rosengren, W. R. & DeVault, S. The sociology of time and space in an obstetrical hospital. In E. Friedson (Ed.), THE HOSPITAL IN MODERN SOCIETY. New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1963. Pp. 266 – 292.Google Scholar
  41. 1035.
    Sommer, R., & Dewar, R. The physical environment of the ward. In E. Friedson (Ed.), THE HOSPITAL IN MODERN SOCIETY. New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1963. Pp. 319 – 342.Google Scholar
  42. 1036.
    Srivastava, R. K. Undermanning theory in the context 310 of mental health care environments. In #38 (EDRA-5), Vol. 8, pp. 245–258.Google Scholar
  43. 1037.
    Stembridge, D. A., & LeCompte, W. F. Attitude changes after brief encounters with mental patients in residential and institutional settings. In #36 (EDRA-3), Vol. 1, Sec. 12.7, pp. 1–6.Google Scholar
  44. 1038.
    Thompson, J. D., & Pelletier, R. J. Privacy versus efficiency in the inpatient unit. Hospitals, 1962, 36, 53 – 57.Google Scholar
  45. 1039.
    Trites, D. K. Influence of nursing-unit design on the activities and subjective feelings of nursing personnel. Environment and Behavior, 1970, 29 303 – 334.Google Scholar
  46. 1040.
    Willems, E. P. The interface of the hospital environment and patient behavior. Archives of Physical Medicine, 1972, 53, 115 – 122.Google Scholar
  47. 1041.
    Willems, E. P. Behavioral ecology, health status, and health care: Applications to the rehabilitation setting. In #8 (Altman & Wohlwill 1), pp. 211–263.Google Scholar
  48. 1042.
    Wilier, B. Activity patterns and the use of space by patients and staff on the psychiatric ward. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 1974, 19, 457 – 482.Google Scholar
  49. 1043.
    Wilson, L. Intensive care delirium: The effect of outside deprivation in a windowless unit. Archives of Internal Medicine, 1972, 130, 225 – 226.Google Scholar
  50. 1044.
    Wolfe, M. Room size, group size, and density Behavior patterns in a children’s psychiatric facility. Environment and Behavior, 1975, 7, 199 – 224.Google Scholar
  51. 1045.
    James, E. V. Environment and behavior of hospital patients in psychiatric and medical wards. Dissertation Abstracts International, 1973, 33–B, 5494.Google Scholar

Correctional Environments

  1. 1046.
    Barback, B. Understanding the prison environment: A selected interdisciplinary bibliography. Monticello, 111.: Council of Planning Librarians, 1974. (Exchange Bibliographies, No. 632.) 13 pp.Google Scholar
  2. 1047.
    Dickens, P., McConville, S., & Fairweather, L. PENAL POLICY AND PRISON ARCHITECTURE. London: Barry Rose Publishers, 1978, 96 pp.Google Scholar
  3. 1048.
    DiGennaro, G. (Ed.), PRISON ARCHITECTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL SURVEY OF REPRESENTATIVE CLOSED INSTITUTIONS AND ANALYSIS OF CURRENT TRENDS IN PRISON DESIGN. London: The Architectural Press, Ltd., 1975. 239 pp.Google Scholar
  4. 1049.
    Hyde, D. M., & Conway, D. Stress factors as identified by research in prisons. Monticello, 111.: Council of Planning Librarians, 1977.Google Scholar
  5. 1050.
    Johnston, N. THE HUMAN CAGE: A BRIEF HISTORY OF PRISON ARCHITECTURE. New York: Walker and Company, 1973. 68 pp.Google Scholar
  6. 1051.
    Moos, R. H. EVALUATING CORRECTIONAL AND COMMUNITY SETTINGS. New York: Wiley, 1975. xii, 377 pp.Google Scholar
  7. 1052.
    Moyer, F. D. GUIDELINES FOR THE PLANNING AND DESIGN OF REGIONAL AND COMMUNITY CORRECTIONAL CENTERS FOR ADULTS. Urbana, Illinois: Department of Architecture, University of Illinois, 1971. (loose-leaf, unpaginated)Google Scholar
  8. 1053.
    Nagel, W. G. THE NEW RED BARN: A CRITICAL LOOK AT THE MODERN AMERICAN PRISON. New York: Walker & Co., 1973 196 pp.Google Scholar
  9. 1054.
    Sommer, R. TIGHT SPACES: HARD ARCHITECTURE AND HOW TO HUMANIZE IT. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974. 150 pp.Google Scholar
  10. 1055.
    Farbstein, J. A. Juvenile services center program. In W. F. E. Preiser (Ed.), FACILITY PROGRAMMING. Stroudsburg, Pa.: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, 1978. Pp. 67 – 84.Google Scholar
  11. 1056.
    Fleising, U. The social and spatial dynamics of a prison tier: An exploratory study. Man- Environment Systems, 1973, 3, 187 – 195.Google Scholar
  12. 1057.
    Flynn, E. E., & Moyer, F. D. Corrections and architecture: A synthesis. Prison Journal, 1971, 51, 43 – 53.Google Scholar
  13. 1058.
    Gill, H. B. Correctional philosophy and architecture. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, 1962, 53, 312 – 322.Google Scholar
  14. 1059.
    Glazer, D. Architectural factors in isolation promotion in prisons. In #29 (Proshansky, 1970 ), pp. 455 – 463.Google Scholar
  15. 1060.
    Hahn, R. R. Behavioral evaluation of a juvenile treatment center: Case study of a planning methodology. In #37 (EDRA-4), Vol. 1. pp. 138–149.Google Scholar
  16. 1061.
    Hickey, W. Modern correctional design. Crime and Delinquency Literature, 1972, 5, 116 – 121.Google Scholar
  17. 1062.
    Jessness, C. Comparative effectiveness of two institutional treatment programs for delinquents. Child Care Quarterly, 1972, 119 – 130.Google Scholar
  18. 1063.
    Megargee, E. I. The association of population density, reduced space and uncomfortable temperatures with misconduct in a prison community. American Journal of Community Psychology, 1977. 5, 289 – 298.Google Scholar
  19. 1064.
    Nacci, P. L., Teitelbaum, H. E., & Prather, J. Population density and inmate misconduct rates in the federal prison system. Federal Probation, 1978, 41, 26 – 31.Google Scholar
  20. 1065.
    Paulus P., McCain, G., & Cox, V. Death rates, psychiatric commitments, blood pressure and perceived crowding as a function of institutional crowding. Environmental Psychology and Nonverbal Behavior, 1978, 107 – 116.Google Scholar
  21. 1066.
    Prestholdt, P. H., Taylor, R. R., & Shannon, W. T., The correctional environment and human behavior: A comparative study of two prisons for women. In #40 (EDRA-7), pp. 145–149.Google Scholar
  22. 1067.
    Schwartz, B. Deprivation of privacy as a functional pre-requisite: The case of the prison. Journal Criminal Law, Criminology and Political Science, 1972, 63 229 – 239.Google Scholar
  23. 1068.
    Sims, W. R. The half-way house: A diagnostic and prescriptive evaluation. In #40 (EDRA-7), pp. 150–156.Google Scholar
  24. 1070.
    Smith, D. E., & Swanson, R. M. Privacy and corrections: A social learning approach. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1979, 6, 339 – 357.Google Scholar
  25. 1071.
    Sommer, R. The social psychology of the cell environment. In NEW ENVIRONMENTS FOR THE INCARCERATED. U. S. Department of Justice, Law Enforcement Administration, National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Washington, D. C., 1972. Pp. 15 – 21.Google Scholar
  26. 1072.
    Stokols, D., & Marrero, D. G. The effects of an environmental intervention on racial polarization in a youth training school. In #40 (EDRA-7), pp. 125–137.Google Scholar
  27. 1073.
    Sykes, G. The prisoner’s status as conveyed by the environment. In #29 (Proshansky 1970 ), pp. 453 – 455.Google Scholar
  28. 1074.
    Van der Ryn, S. Can architecture aid a therapeutic process? American Journal of Corrections, 1969, 31, 41 – 44.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Plenum Press, New York 1981

Authors and Affiliations

  • Joachim F. Wohlwill
    • 1
  • Gerald D. Weisman
    • 1
  1. 1.The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUSA

Personalised recommendations