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Secondary Changes in Wood

  • Chapter
The Structure, Biosynthesis, and Degradation of Wood

Part of the book series: Recent Advances in Phytochemistry ((RAPT,volume 11))

Abstract

During the ontogenetic development of trees several important anatomical changes take place when the tree passes from juvenile to adult to overmature stage of development. For example, in both angiosperms and gymnosperms the average length of the xylem elements, at any stem height, increases from the pith outward for a number of years and then become more or less constant. In angiosperms, the number of vessels decreases and their individual size increases relatively steadily until the adult form of the tree is attained. Also for a number of years the percentage, in a growth ring, of the small-diameter latewood cells with thick walls increases with the increasing age of the tree. In addition the wood formed by an overmature Pseudotsuga menziesii tree (300 years old) is noticeably different from the wood formed when the same tree was 50 years old. Wood formed when the tree is overmature has narrower xylem rings than younger wood and its rings are made up essentially of thin-walled cells with negligible latewood and a higher lignin and lower α-cellulose content.

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  1. Forest Products Laboratory, Division of Building Research, CSIRO, Highett, Victoria, 3190, Australia

    W. E. Hillis

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  1. Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA

    Frank A. Loewus

  2. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    V. C. Runeckles

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Hillis, W.E. (1977). Secondary Changes in Wood. In: Loewus, F.A., Runeckles, V.C. (eds) The Structure, Biosynthesis, and Degradation of Wood. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, vol 11. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8873-3_7

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