Structure and Properties of Cellulose Acetate Membranes

  • James Dickson
Conference paper

Abstract

Reverse osmosis (RO), a technique used to remove unwanted substances from a fluid, is applicable to reducing dissolved salt content in brackish and salt water. Cellulose acetate (CA) is a prime polymer used in RO desalination membranes and is the subject of this study (1).

Keywords

Differential Scanning Calorimetry Cellulose Acetate Differential Scanning Calorimeter Thermogram Cellulose Acetate Membrane Porous Substrate 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Dickson, J., “Thermal Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Acetate Films and Asymmetric Membranes,” Partial fulfillment of Ph.D. requirements, Rutgers — The State University of New Jersey, January, 1971.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Reid, C. E. and E. J. Breton, “Water and Ion Flow Across Cellulosic Membranes,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133–143 (1959).Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Loeb, S. and S. Sourirajan, “Sea Water Demineralization by Means of a Semipermeable Membrane,” UCLA Report, 60–60 (July, 1960 ).Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Sharpies, A., “An Introduction to Reverse Osmosis,” Chemistry and Industry, 322 (March 7, 1970 ).Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Lonsdale, H. K., U. Merton, R. L. Riley, and K. D. Vos, “Reverse Osmosis for Water Desalination,” Research and Devel¬opment Progress Report No. 208, to OSW, General Dynamics, General Atomic Division (Sept., 1966 ).Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Lonsdale, H. K., R. L. Riley, C. R. Lyons, and U. Merten, “Preparation of Ultrathin Reverse Osmosis Membranes and the Attainment of Theoretical Salt Rejection,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, II, 2143–2158 (1967).Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Ott, E., H. M. Spurlin, and M. W. Grafflin, Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives, Parts I and II, Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York (1954).Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Loeb, S. and S. Sourirajan, “Sea Water Demineralization by Means of an Osmotic Membrane,” Advan. Chem. Ser., 38, 117 (1963).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Lonsdale, H. K., Personal communication (1970).Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    Cullity, B. D., Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Addison- Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading, Mass. (1959).Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    X-ray Diffraction Instruction and Operating Manual, North American Phillips Co., Inc., Mt. Vernon, N.Y.Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    Operating Instructions—Differential Scanning Calorimeter, Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk, Conn. (1968).Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    Foltz, C. R. and P. V. McKinney, “Quantitative Study of the Annealing of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Near the Glass Transition,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 13, 2235 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Operating Instructions for TMS–1 Thermal Mechanical Analyzer, Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk, Conn.Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Watanabe, S., M. Takai, and J. Hayashi, “An X-ray Study of Cellulose Triacetate,” Journal of Polymer Science: Part C, No. 23, 825–835 (1968).Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Kokta, B., P. Luner, and R. Suen, Quarterly Report to OSW on Contract 14-01-0001–1263 (Aug., 1968 ).Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    Russell, J. and R. C. Van Kerpel, “Transitions in Plasticized and Unplasticized Cellulose Acetates,” Journal of Polymer Science, 25, 77–96 (1957).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Gilham, J. K. and R. F. Schwenker, Jr., “Thermomechanical and Thermal Analysis of Fiberforming Polymers,” Appl. Polym. Sym. #2, 59–75 (1966).Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    Mandelkern, L. and P. J. Flory, “Melting and Glossy State Transitions in Cellulose Esters and Their Mixtures with Diluents,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73, 3206 (1951).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Sharpies, A. and F. L. Swinton, “Second-Order Transitions in Solutions of Cellulose Triacetate,” Journal of Polymer Science, 50, 53–64 (1961).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Nakamura, K., “Studies on Viscoelasticity of Cellulose Deriv-ative Films, Part I,” Chemistry of High Polymers (Japan), 13_ (130), 47 (1956).Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    Clash, R. F., Jr. and L. M. Rynkiewicz, “Thermal Expansion Properties of Plastic Materials,” Ind. Eng. Chem., 36, 279 (1944).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Barker, R. E., Jr. and C. R. Thomas, “Glass Transition and Ionic Conductivity in Cellulose Acetate,” Journal of Applied Physics, 35(1), 87–94 (Jan., 1964).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Testa, L. A. and P. F. Bruins, “Cellulose Acetate Membranes for Waste Water Purification,” Modern Plastics, 45(9), 141 (May, 1968).Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Plenum Press, New York 1972

Authors and Affiliations

  • James Dickson
    • 1
  1. 1.Airco Central Research LaboratoryMurray HillUSA

Personalised recommendations