Dielectric Properties of Polymers pp 329-341 | Cite as
Dielectric Dispersion in Dilute Solutions of Several Para-Substituted Polystyrenes
Abstract
Dielectric loss measurements are reported for polymers of several styrene derivatives in dilute benzene or toluene solution in the range 3–50 MHz and from about -10°C to +30°C. For polymers of 4-fluorostyrene and 4-chlorostyrene, as well as for a styrene/ 4-vinylpyridine 2/1 copolymer, the frequency of maximum dielectric loss at 300°K is about 30 to 40 MHz and the activation energy is about 5 kcal/mole. These results are in fair accord with acoustic and magnetic relaxation data on polystyrene solutions. Fragmentary results on polymers of p-methoxystyrene and p-fluoro-α-methylstyrene are described. Dipole moments in benzene are also reported.
Keywords
Dipole Moment Cationic Polymerization Dielectric Dispersion Dielectric Loss Factor Monomer Reactivity RatioPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.See, for example, W. H. Stockmayer, Pure and Applied Chem. 15, 539 (1967).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.W. H. Stockmayer, H. Yu and J. E. Davis, Polymer Preprints (ACS), 4 (2), 132 (1963).Google Scholar
- 3.G. P. Mikhailov, A. M. Lobanov, M. P. Platonov, Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 9 2565 (1967).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.A. M. North and P. J. Phillips, Trans. Faraday Soc. 6, 3235 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Y. Osumi, T. Higashimura, S. Okamure, J. Polymer Sci. Part A-l, 4, 923 (1966).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.R. M. Fuoss, G. I. Cathers, J. Polymer Sci. 4 97 (1949).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Polymer Handbook, ed. J. Brandrup and E. H. Immergut, Inter- science, New York, 1966.Google Scholar
- 8.E. A. Guggenheim, J. E. Prue, Physico-Chemical Calculations, Interscience, New York, 1955, p. 106.Google Scholar
- 9.J. W. Smith, Electric Dipole Moments, Butterworth, London, 1955, p. 60.Google Scholar
- 10.A. L. McClellan, Tables of Experimental Dipole Moments, W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 1963.Google Scholar
- 11.P. Debye, F. Bueche, J. Chem. Phys. 19, 589 (1951).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.H. A. Pohl, H. H. Zabusky, J. Phys. Chem. 66, 1390 (1962).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.L. L. Burshtein and T. P. Stepanova, Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 11, 2885 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.J. E. Mark, private communication (August 1971).Google Scholar
- 15.A. D. Williams, P. J. Flory, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91, 3111 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.R. M. Fuoss and J. G. Kirkwood, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63, 385 (1941).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.J. E. Davis, Ph.D. Thesis, M.I.T., 1960.Google Scholar
- 18.H. A. Kramers, Physical 7 284 (1940).Google Scholar
- 19.S. Chandrasekhar, Revs. Mod. Phys. 15, 1 (1943).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.H. C. Brinkman, Physica 22, 29 (1956).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.E. Helfand, J. Chem. Phys. 54, 4651 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.E. Paul and R. M. Mazo, Macromolecules 4 424 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.M. Davies, G. Williams and G. D. Loveluck, Zeits. f. Elektrochem. 64, 575 (1960).Google Scholar
- 24.L. deBrouckere and M. Mandel, Adv. Chem. Phys. 1 77 (1958).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.H.-J. Bauer, H. Hassler and M. Immendorfer, Disc. Faraday Soc. 49, 238 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.J. E. Anderson, K.-J. Liu and R. Ullman, Disc. Faraday Soc. 49, 257 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.A. T. Bullock, J. H. Butterworth and G. G. Cameron, European Polymer 7. 445 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 28.H. Morawetz, Acc. Chem. Res. 3, 354 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 29.It is interesting that the Kramers theory (16) leads to the transition-state result for sufficiently high curvature (rather than height) near the top of the barrier.Google Scholar
- 30.S. Gorin, L. Monnerie, J. Chim. Phys. Physicochim. Biol. 67, 869 (1970).Google Scholar
- 31.J. D. Hoffman and H. G. Pfeiffer, J. Chem. Phys. 22, 132 (1954).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 32.G. Williams and M. Cook, Trans. Faraday Soc. 67, 990 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 33.A. Odajima, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 14, 777 (1959).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 34.D. W. McCall and F. A. Bovey, J. Polymer Sci. 45, 530 (1960).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 35.N. Bloembergen, E. M. Purcell and R. V. Pound, Phys. Rev. 73, 679 (1948).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 36.D. E. Woessner, B. S. Snowden, Jr. and G. H. Meyer, J. Chem. Phys. 50, 719 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 37.K. Bergmann, D. M. Roberti and C. P. Smyth, J. Phys. Chem. 64, 665 (1960).CrossRefGoogle Scholar