Mental Retardation

  • Alan C. Repp
  • Diane E. D. Deitz
Chapter

Abstract

The field of mental retardation has been in transition over the last decade as the rights of the mentally retarded have been emerging. While changes in attitudes and behavioral practices toward retarded persons used to be measured by the century, today they are measured at most by the decade and often by a few years. Some of the reasons for rapid changes are the civil rights movements of the 1960s (expanded to include handicapped persons), the intense legalism of the last two decades, and the rapid expanse of a behavioral technology that has provided countless examples of how much more achievement retarded people are capable of than we previously thought possible. These and other factors have led to a change in society’s approach toward mentally retarded persons, evidenced by such movements as normalization, deinstitutionalization, least restrictive environment, least restrictive alternative, mainstreaming, and legislation such as Section 504 of P.L. 93–112 (the Rehabilitation Act), and P.L. 94–142 (the Education for all Handicapped Children Act). While, as with any concept, there is not universal agreement about the usefulness of any of these movements, there is virtually universal agreement that we are in an era of more humane, technological, and hopeful approaches toward retarded persons; such hope is evidenced by the discrepancy between historical and current definitions of mental retardation.

Keywords

Mental Retardation Adaptive Behavior Intelligence Test Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Mental Deficiency 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1983

Authors and Affiliations

  • Alan C. Repp
    • 1
  • Diane E. D. Deitz
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Learning and DevelopmentNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbUSA

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