The Interaction of Gaseous Pollutants with Materials at the Surface of the Earth

  • D. J. Spedding

Abstract

Gaseous materials released into the atmosphere as the result of the activity of man suffer a variety of fates, depending upon their chemistry in the atmosphere, and this in turn influences their lifetime in the atmosphere. Sulfur dioxide, for example, has a mean lifetime in the atmosphere of only a few days, while methane has a mean lifetime of about 20 years.

Keywords

Sulfur Dioxide Leaf Area Index Atmospheric Environment Gaseous Pollutant Atmospheric Corrosion 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    W. S. Broecker and T-H Peng, Tellus, 25: 21 (1974).Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    P. S. Liss and P. G. Slater, Nature, 247: 181 (1974).Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    E. Robinson and R. C. Robbins, J. Air. Pollut. Contr. Assn., 20: 233 (1970).Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    W. W. Kellogg, R. D. Cadle, E. R. Allen, A. L. Lazrus, and E. A. Martell, Science, 175: 587 (1972).Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    L. S. Jaffe, J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn., 18: 534 (1968).Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    W. Seller, Tellus, 26: 116 (1974).Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    J. W. Swinnerton and R. A. Lamontagne, Tellus, 26: 136 (1974).Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    H. Levy, Science, 173: 141 (1971).Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    R. B. Ingersoll, R. E. Inman, and W. R. Fisher, Tellus, 26: 151 (1974).Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    J. E. Lovelock, R. J. Maggs, and R. A. Rasmussen, Nature, 237: 452 (1972).Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    P. Brimblecombe and D. J. Spedding, Nature, 236: 225 (1972).Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    D. J. Spedding, Atmospheric Environment, 6: 583 (1972).Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    J. H. Bennett, A. C. Hill, and D. M. Gates, J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn., 23: 957 (1973).Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    P. J. Barry and A. C. Chamberlain, Health Physics, 9: 1149 (1963).Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    A. C. Chamberlain, Int. J. Air Pollution, 3: 63 (1960).Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    J. Evelyn, Fumifugium, London, 1661.Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    R. G. S. Bidwell and D. E. Fraser, Can. J. Bot., 50: 1435 (1972).Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    N. C. Turner, P. E. Waggoner, and S. Rich, Nature, 250: 486 (1974).Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    D. J. Spedding, Nature, 224: 1229 (1969).Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    G. L. Hutchinson, R. J. Millington, and D. B. Peters, Science, 175: 771 (1972).Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    J. A. Garland, W. S. Clough, and D. Fowler, Nature, 242: 256 (1973).Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    D. Fowler and M. H. Unsworth, Nature, 249: 389 (1974).Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    A. C. Chamberlain and R. C. Chadwick, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Research Report, AERE-R4870, 1965.Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    J. H. Bennett and A. C. Hill, J. AirPollut. Contr. Assn., 23: 203 (1973).Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    H. C. Perkins, Air Pollution, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1974, p. 320.Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    W. W. Heck, Air and Water Pollut. Int. J., 10:99 (1966).Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    R. Guderian and H. van Haut, Staub-Reinhalt Luft, 30: 22 (1970).Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    A. C. Hill, J. AirPollut. Contr. Assn., 21: 341 (1971).Google Scholar
  29. 29.
    J. B. Mudd, Proc. 1st European Congress on Influence of Air Pollution on Plants and Animals, Wageningen 1968, 1969, p. 161.Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    H. Tomlinson and S. Rich, Phytopathology, 60: 1842 (1970).Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    A. C. Hill and N. Littlefield, Environ. Sci. and Technol., 3: 52 (1969).Google Scholar
  32. 32.
    P. V. Biscoe, M. H. Unsworth, and H. R. Pinckney, New Phytologist, 72:1299 (1973).Google Scholar
  33. 33.
    P. Brimblecombe, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Auckland, 1973.Google Scholar
  34. 34.
    W. Libera, H. Ziegler, and I. Ziegler, Planta, 109: 269 (1973).Google Scholar
  35. 35.
    I. Ziegler, Planta, 103: 155 (1972).Google Scholar
  36. 36.
    I. Ziegler, Phytochemistry, 12: 1027 (1973).Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    D. J. Spedding and W. J. Thomas, Aust. J. Biol. Sci., 26: 281 (1973).Google Scholar
  38. 38.
    H. Tanaka, T. Takanashi, M. Kadota, and M. Yatazawa, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 1: 343.Google Scholar
  39. 39.
    H. Tomlinson and S. Rich, Phytopathology, 57: 972 (1967).Google Scholar
  40. 40.
    H. C. Dass and H. M. Weaver, Atmospheric Environment, 6: 759 (1972).Google Scholar
  41. 41.
    J. B. Mudd, T. T. McManus, A. Ongun, and T. E. McCullogh, Plant Physiol., 48: 335(1971).Google Scholar
  42. 42.
    G. W. Todd, Physiol. Plantarum, 11: 457 (1958).Google Scholar
  43. 43.
    W. A. Feder, Science, 160:1122 (1968).Google Scholar
  44. 44.
    W. M. Dugger, J. Koukol, and R. L. Palmer, J. AirPollut. Contr. Assn., 16: 467 (1966).Google Scholar
  45. 45.
    L. Barnes, Can. J. Bot., 50: 215 (1972).Google Scholar
  46. 46.
    H. W. de Koning and Z. Jegier, Atmospheric Environment, 2: 615 (1968).Google Scholar
  47. 47.
    H. de Koning and Z. Jegier, Arch. Environ. Health, 18: 913 (1969).Google Scholar
  48. 48.
    T. T. Lee, Plant Physiol., 42: 691 (1967).Google Scholar
  49. 49.
    F. D. H. MacDowall and A. F. W. Cole, Atmospheric Environment, 5: 553 (1971).Google Scholar
  50. 50.
    W. M. Dugger and I. P. Ting, Phytopathology, 58: 8 (1968).Google Scholar
  51. 51.
    K. R. Darnall and J. N. Pitts, Chem. Commun., 1305 (1970).Google Scholar
  52. 52.
    J. B. Mudd, J. Biol. Chem., 241: 4077 (1966).Google Scholar
  53. 53.
    L. Ordin and M. A. Hall, Plant Physiol., 42: 205 (1967).Google Scholar
  54. 54.
    L. Ordin and B. P. Skoe, Plant Physiol., 39: 751 (1964).Google Scholar
  55. 55.
    W. M. Dugger, J. Koukol, W. D. Reed, and R. L. Palmer, Plant Physiol., 38: 468 (1963).Google Scholar
  56. 56.
    R. E. Gross and W. M. Dugger, Environ. Res., 2:256 (1969).Google Scholar
  57. 57.
    J. Koukol, W. M. Dugger, and R. L. Palmer, Plant Physiol., 42: 1419 (1967).Google Scholar
  58. 58.
    W. M. Dugger, J. B. Mudd, and J. Koukol, Arch. Environ. Health, 10: 195 (1965).Google Scholar
  59. 59.
    L. Ordin and A. Altman, Physiol. Plantarum., 18: 790 (1965).Google Scholar
  60. 60.
    J. B. Mudd, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 102: 59 (1963).Google Scholar
  61. 61.
    O. C. Taylor, J. AirPollut. Contr. Assn., 19: 347 (1969).Google Scholar
  62. 62.
    W. W. Thomson, W. M. Dugger, and R. L. Palmer, Bot. Gaz., 126: 66 (1965).Google Scholar
  63. 63.
    H. Tanaka, T. Takanashi, and M. Yatazawa, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 3:11 (1974).Google Scholar
  64. 64.
    J. N. B. Bell and W. S. Clough, Nature, 241: 47 (1973).Google Scholar
  65. 65.
    L. S. Dochinger, F. W. Bender, F. L. Fox, and W. W. Heck, Nature, 225: 476 (1970).Google Scholar
  66. 66.
    J. B. Mudd, Advances in Chemistry Series, 122: 31 (1973).Google Scholar
  67. 67.
    I. Ziegler, Environmental Quality and Safety, F. Coulston and F. Korte, eds., II: 182.Google Scholar
  68. 68.
    C. H. Giles, Chem. & Ind., 770 (1964).Google Scholar
  69. 69.
    U. R. Evans and C. A. J. Taylor, Corrosion Science, 12: 227 (1972).Google Scholar
  70. 70.
    T. Misawa, T. Kyuno, W. Seutaka, and S. Shimodaira, Corrosion Science, 11: 35 (1971).Google Scholar
  71. 71.
    T. Misawa, K. Asami, K. Hashimoto, and S. Shimodaira, Corrosion Science, 14: 279 (1974).Google Scholar
  72. 72.
    I. Matsushima and T. Veno, Corrosion Science, 11:129 (1971).Google Scholar
  73. 73.
    R. Ericsson, B. Heimler, and N-G Vannerberg, Werkstoffe und Korrosion, 24: 207 (1973).Google Scholar
  74. 74.
    T. Sydberger and N-G Vannerberg, Corrosion Science, 12: 775 (1972).Google Scholar
  75. 75.
    J. R. Duncan and D. J. Spedding, Corrosion Science, 13: 993 (1973).Google Scholar
  76. 76.
    J. R. Duncan and D. J. Spedding, Corrosion Science, 13: 69 (1973).Google Scholar
  77. 77.
    B. Heimler andN-G Vannerberg, Corrosion Science, 12: 579 (1972).Google Scholar
  78. 78.
    J. R. Duncan and D. J. Spedding, Corrosion Science, 14: 241 (1974).Google Scholar
  79. 79.
    J. R. Duncan, Werkstoffe und Korrosion, 25: 420 (1974).Google Scholar
  80. 80.
    U. R. Evans, Br. Corros. J., 7:10 (1972).Google Scholar
  81. 81.
    H. Guttman, Metal Corrosion in the Atmosphere, ASTMSTP, 435: 223 (1968).Google Scholar
  82. 82.
    F. H. Haynie and J. B. Upham, Mater. Protect. & Perform, 9: 35 (1970).Google Scholar
  83. 83.
    J. R. Duncan and D. J. Spedding, Corrosion Science, 13: 881 (1973).Google Scholar
  84. 84.
    K. Barton, 9. Internationale Verzinkertagung, Düsseldorf 1970, 1 (1970).Google Scholar
  85. 85.
    M. Schmidt, J. Inst. Metals, 98: 238 (1970).Google Scholar
  86. 86.
    V. E. Carter, Metal Corrosion in the Atmosphere, ASTM 435, 257 (1968).Google Scholar
  87. 87.
    P. M. Aziz and H. P. Goddard, Corrosion, 15: 39 (1959).Google Scholar
  88. 88.
    A. C. Chamberlain, Contemp. Phys., 8: 561 (1967).Google Scholar
  89. 89.
    J. E. Yocom, W. L. Clink, and W. A. Cote, J. AirPollut. Contr. Assn., 21: 251 (1971).Google Scholar
  90. 90.
    C. R. Thompson, E. G. Hensel, and G. Kats, J. AirPollut. Contr. Assn., 23: 881 (1973).Google Scholar
  91. 91.
    M. J. G. Wilson, Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 300: 215 (1968).Google Scholar
  92. 92.
    R. A. Cox and S. A. Penkett, Atmospheric Environment, 6: 365 (1972).Google Scholar
  93. 93.
    A. Derouane and G. Verduyn, Atmospheric Environment, 7: 891 (1973).Google Scholar
  94. 94.
    D. J. Spedding, Atmospheric Environment, 3: 341 (1969).Google Scholar
  95. 95.
    K. Biersteker, H. de Graf!, and A. G. Nass, Air and Water Pollut. Int. J., 9: 343 (1965).Google Scholar
  96. 96.
    D. J. Spedding and R. P. Rowlands, J. Appi. Chem., 20: 143 (1970).Google Scholar
  97. 97.
    D. J. Spedding, J. Appl. Chem., 20: 266 (1970).Google Scholar
  98. 98.
    D. J. Spedding, R. P. Rowlands, and J. E. Taylor, J. Appi. Chem. Biotechnol., 21: 68 (1971).Google Scholar
  99. 99.
    D. J. Spedding, J. Appl. Chem. Biotechnol., 22:1 (1972).Google Scholar
  100. 100.
    D. J. Spedding, Proc. Int. Clean Air Conf., Melbourne, 187 (1972).Google Scholar
  101. 101.
    R. C. Braun and M. J. G. Wilson, Atmospheric Environment, 4: 371 (1970).Google Scholar
  102. 102.
    D. J. Spedding, Atmospheric Environment, 3: 683 (1969).Google Scholar
  103. 103.
    G. Thomson, Atmospheric Environment, 3: 687 (1969).Google Scholar
  104. 104.
    S. H. Zeronian, K. W. Alger, and S. T. Omaye, Textile Res. J., 43: 228 (1973).Google Scholar
  105. 105.
    S. H. Zeronian, Textile Res. J., 40: 695 (1970).Google Scholar
  106. 106.
    J. B. Atherton, F. L. Hudson, and J. A. Hockey, J. Appl. Chem. Biotechnol., 23: 407 (1973).Google Scholar
  107. 107.
    D. M. Whelpdale and R. W. Shaw, Tellus, 26: 196 (1974).Google Scholar
  108. 108.
    M. J. Owers and A. W. Powell, Atmospheric Environment, 8: 63 (1974).Google Scholar
  109. 109.
    F. B. Smith and G. H. Jeffrey, Atmospheric Environment, 9: 643 (1975).Google Scholar
  110. 110.
    M. H. Bortner, R. H. Kummler, and L. S. Jaffe, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 3: 48 (1974).Google Scholar
  111. 111.
    R. A. Rasmussen, Tellus, 26: 259 (1974).Google Scholar
  112. 112.
    J. G. Shepherd, Atmospheric Environment, 8: 69 (1974).Google Scholar
  113. 113.
    G. W. Israel, Atmospheric Environment, 8: 1329 (1974).Google Scholar
  114. 114.
    D. C. Horsman and A. R. Wellburn, Environ. Pollut., 8: 127 (1975).Google Scholar
  115. 115.
    H-J Jäger and E. Pahlich, Oecologia, 9: 135 (1972).Google Scholar
  116. 116.
    W. Libera, I. Ziegler, and H. Ziegler, Z. Pflanzenphysiol, 74: 425 (1975).Google Scholar
  117. 117.
    S. K. Mukerji and S. F. Yang, Plant Physiol., 53: 829 (1974).Google Scholar
  118. 118.
    I. Ziegler, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 364: 28 (1974).Google Scholar
  119. 119.
    D. F. Karnosky and G. R. Stairs, J. Environ. Quality, 3: 406 (1974).Google Scholar
  120. 120.
    S. Godzik and H. F. Linskens, Environ. Pollut., 7: 25 (1974).Google Scholar
  121. 121.
    I. Ziegler, Phytochemistry, 13: 2411 (1974).Google Scholar
  122. 122.
    E. Pahlich, Atmospheric Environment, 9: 261 (1975).Google Scholar
  123. 123.
    K. Barton, S. Bartonova, and E. Beranek, Werkstoffe und Korrosion, 25: 659 (1974).Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Plenum Press, New York 1977

Authors and Affiliations

  • D. J. Spedding
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of ChemistryUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Personalised recommendations