Wet Scrubber Particulate Collection

  • Douglas W. Cooper
Chapter

Abstract

Activities involving powders can result in the generation of airborne particulate material, aerosols, which may need to be controlled because of concern about health, because of laws and regulations, or because of an economic incentive for process material recovery. The principal alternatives for fine particle control are cyclones, filters, scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators. Alternatives are generally compared with respect to effectiveness and cost.

Keywords

Pressure Drop Droplet Size Collection Efficiency Throat Length Spray Tower 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    A. E. Vandergrift, L. J. Shannon, E. W. Lawless, P. G. Gorman, E. E. Sallee, and M. Reichel, “Particulate Systems Study,” Vol III, Handbook of Emission Properties. APTD-0745 (NTIS PB 203 522), US EPA (1971).Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    W. Strauss, Industrial Gas Cleaning, Pergamon, New York (1966).Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    M. W. First, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (1979).Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    L. J. Shannon, P. G. Gorman, and M. Reichel, “Particulate Pollutant Systems Study,” Vol. II, Fine Particle Emissions. APTD-0744 (NTIS PB 203 522), US EPA (1971).Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Courtesy of the Industrial Gas Cleaning Institute, Alexandria, VA.Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    S. Calvert, J. Goldschmid, D. Leith, and D. Mehta, Scrubber Handbook, US EPA, NTIS PB 213 016 (1972).Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    K. Semrau and C. L. Witham, Wet Scrubber Liquid Utilization. Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA., EPA-650/2-74-108, US EPA (October 1974).Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    K. T. Semrau, C. L. Witham, and W. W. Kerlin, Energy Utilization by Wet Scrubbers. EPA-600/2-77-234, US EPA (1977).Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    S. Calvert, “Engineering Design of Wet Scrubbers,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn, 24:929–934 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    D. W. Cooper, “Theoretical Comparison of Efficiency and Power for Single-Stage and Multiple-Stage Particulate Scrubbing,” Atmos. Environ. 10:1001–1004 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    D. M. Muir and Y. Miheisi, “Comparison of the Performance of a Single-and Two-stage Variable-throat Venturi Scrubber,” Atmos. Environ. 13:1187–1196 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    D. W. Cooper, “Optimizing Venturi Scrubber Performance Through Modeling.” Presented at 2nd Symposium on Transfer and Utilization of Particulate Control Technology, Denver, CO, 23-27 July 1979, sponsored by US EPA (1979).Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    S. C. Yung and S. Calvert, Paniculate Control Highlights: Performance and Design Model for Scrubbers. EPA-600/8-78-005b, US EPA (1978).Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    J. Aitchison and J. A. C. Brown, The Log-Normal Distribution, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1957).Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    G. Kubie, “A Note on the Treatment of Impactor Data for Some Aerosols,” J. Aerosol Sci. 2:23–30 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    S. Calvert, D. Lundgren, and D. S. Mehta, “Venturi Scrubber Performance,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 22:529–532 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    J. L. Held and D. W. Cooper, “Theoretical Investigation of the Effects of Relative Humidity on Aerosol Respirable Fraction,” Atmos. Environ. 13:1419–1425 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    P. Knettig and J. M. Beeckmans, “Inertial Capture of Aerosol Particles by Swarms of Accelerating Spheres,” J. Aerosol Sci. 5:225–233 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    L. E. Sparks, “The Effect of Scrubber Operating and Design Parameters on the Collection of Particulate Air Pollutants,” Ph.D. dissertation (Civil Engineering), University of Washington, Seattle (1971).Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    H. F. George and G. W. Poehlein, “Capture of Aerosol Particles by Spherical Collectors: Electrostatic, Inertial, Interception, and Viscous Effects,” Env. Sci. Technol. 8:46–49 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    K. A. Nielsen and J. C. Hill, “Collection of Inertialess Particles on Spheres With Electrical Forces,” Ind. Eng. Chem., Fundam. 15:149–157 (1976). “Capture of Particles on Spheres by Inertial and Electrical Forces,” Ind. Eng. Chem., Fundam. 75:157-163 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    I. Langmuir and K. B. Blodgett, “A Mathematical Investigation of Water Droplet Trajectories,” U.S. Army Air Forces Tech. Report. 5418 (NTIS: PB 27565) (February 1946).Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    N. A. Fuchs, Mechanics of Aerosols, Pergamon, New York (1964).Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    D. W. Cooper, “Fine Particle Control by Electrostatic Augmentation of Existing Methods,” Paper 75-0.2.1 presented at the 68th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Assoc, Boston, MA (1975).Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    H. Krockta and R. L. Lucas, “Information Required for the Selection and Performance Evaluation of Wet Scrubbers,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 22:459–462 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    R. H. Perry and C. H. Chilton, Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1973).Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    S. Calvert, “How to Choose a Particulate Scrubber,” Chem. Eng., pp. 54-68 (August 29, 1977).Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    S. C. Yung, H. F. Barbarika, and S. Calvert, “Pressure Loss in Venturi Scrubbers,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 27:348–351 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    S. Yung, S. Calvert, and H. F. Barbarika, “Venturi Scrubber Performance Model,” EPA-600/2-77-172, US EPA (1977).Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    S. Calvert, “Source of Control by Liquid Scrubbing,” in Air Pollution, edited by A. C. Stern, Academic Press, New York (1968).Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    S. Calvert, “Scrubbing,” in Air Pollution, edited by A. C. Stern, Academic Press, New York (1977).Google Scholar
  32. 32.
    H. F. Johnstone, R. B. Field, and M. C. Tassler, “Gas Absorption and Aerosol Collection in Venturi Scrubber,” Ind. Eng. Chem. 46:1602–1608 (1954).Google Scholar
  33. 33.
    S. Calvert, “Venturi and Other Atomizing Scrubber Efficiency and Pressure Drop,” A.I.Ch.E. J. 16:392–396 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    R. H. Boll, “Particle Collection and Pressure Drop in Venturi Scrubbers,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund. 12:40–50 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    M. Taheri and C. M. Shieh, “Mathematical Modeling of Atomizing Scrubbers,” A.I.Ch.E. J. 21(1):153–157 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    K. C. Goel and K. G. T. Hollands, “Optimum Design of Venturi Scrubbers,” Atmos. Environ. 11:837–845 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. 37.
    S. Calvert, D. Lundgren, and D. S. Mehta, “Venturi Scrubber Performance,” J. Air Pollut. Control Assn. 22:529–532 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    L. E. Sparks, “SR-52 Programmable Calculator Programs for Venturi Scrubbers and Electrostatic Precipitators,” EPA 600/7-78-026, Office of Research and Development, US EPA (March 1978).Google Scholar
  39. 39.
    D. Leith and D. W. Cooper, “Venturi Scrubber Optimization,” Atmos. Environ. 14:657–664 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    F. O. Ekman and H. F. Johnstone, “Collection of Aerosols in a Venturi Scrubber,” Ind. Eng. Chem. 43:1358–1370 (1951).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    D. M. Muir, C. D. Grant, and Y. Miheisi, “Relationship between Collection Efficiency and Energy Consumption of Wet Dust Collectors,” Filtration Separation 15:332–340 (1978).Google Scholar
  42. 42.
    S. Calvert and R. Parker, “Particulate Control Highlights: Flux Force/Condensation Wet Scrubbing,” EPA-600/8-78-005C, US EPA (June 1978).Google Scholar
  43. 43.
    M. Taheri, S. A. Beg, and M. Beizie, “Gas Cleaning in a Wetted Butterfly Valve,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 22:794–798 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    L. S. Harris, “Fume Scrubbing with the Ejector Venturi System,” Chem. Eng. Prog. 62:55–59 (1966).Google Scholar
  45. 45.
    H. E. Gardenier, “Submicron Particulate Scrubbing with a Two Phase Jet Scrubber,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 24:954–957 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. 46.
    D. W. Cooper and D. P. Anderson, “Dynactor Scrubber Evaluation,” EPA-650/2-74-083a, US EPA (June 1975).Google Scholar
  47. 47.
    S. Calvert, N. C. Jhaveri, and S. Yung, “Fine Particle Scrubber Performance Tests,” EPA-650/2-74-093, US EPA (October 1974).Google Scholar
  48. 48.
    R. B. Bird, W. E. Stewart, and E. N. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, Wiley & Sons, New York (1960).Google Scholar
  49. 49.
    J. D. Brady, D. W. Cooper, and M. T. Rei, “A Wet Collector of Fine Particles,” Chem. Eng. Prog. 73(8):45–53 (1977).Google Scholar
  50. 50.
    J. Happel and H. Brenner, Low Reynolds Number Hydrodynamics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1965).Google Scholar
  51. 51.
    C. N. Davies, Air Filtration, Academic Press, New York (1973).Google Scholar
  52. 52.
    K. Iinoya and C. Orr, Jr., “Filtration,” in Air Pollution, edited by A. C. Stern, Academic Press, New York (1977).Google Scholar
  53. 53.
    C. Y. Chen, “Filtration of Aerosols by Fibrous Media,” Chem. Rev. 55:595–623 (1955).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    K. R. May and R. Clifford, “The Impaction of Aerosol Particles on Cylinders, Spheres, Ribbons, and Discs,” Ann. Occup. Hyg. 10:83–95 (1967).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. 55.
    M. Teheri and S. Calvert, “Removal of Small Particles from Air by Foam in a Sieve-plate Column,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 18:240–245 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. 56.
    B. S. Javorsky, “Gas Cleaning with the Foam Scrubber,” Filtration Separation 9:173 (1972).Google Scholar
  57. 57.
    B. Javorsky, “Fume Control and Gas Cleaning with an Industrial Scale Foam Bed Scrubber,” Filtration Separation 10:21 (1973).Google Scholar
  58. 58.
    T. E. Ctvrtnicek, H. H. S. Yu, C. M. Moscowitz, and G. H. Ramsey, “Fine Particulate Control Using Foam Scrubbing,” in Novel Concepts and Advanced Technology in Paniculate-Gas Separation, edited by T. Ariman, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. (1978).Google Scholar
  59. 59.
    G. Ramsey, “Evaluation of Foam Scrubbing as a Method for Collecting Fine Particulate,” EPA-600/2-77-197, US EPA (September 1977).Google Scholar
  60. 60.
    P. J. Schauer, “Removal of Submicron Aerosol Particles from a Moving Gas Stream,” Ind. Eng. Chem. 43(9):1532–1538 (July 1951).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. 61.
    C. E. Lapple and H. J. Kamack, “Performance of Wet Dust Scrubbers,” Chem. Eng. Prog. 51:110–121 (1955).Google Scholar
  62. 62.
    K. T. Semrau, “Dust Scrubber Design—A Critique on the State of the Art,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 13:587–594 (1963).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. 63.
    S. Calvert, J. Goldschmid, D. Leith, and N. C. Jhaveri, “Feasibility of Flux Force/Condensation Scrubbing for Fine Particulate Collection,” APT. Inc., Riverside, CA, EPA-650/5-73-076, US EPA (1973).Google Scholar
  64. 64.
    L. Waldmann and K. H. Schmitt, “Thermophoresis and Diffusiophoresis of Aerosols,” in Aerosol Science, edited by C. N. Davies, Academic Press, New York (1966).Google Scholar
  65. 65.
    K. T. Semrau, C. W. Marynowski, K. E. Lunde, and C. E. Lapple, “Influence of Power Input on Efficiency of Dust Scrubber,” Ind. Eng. Chem. 50:1615–1620 (1958).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. 66.
    L. E. Sparks and M. J. Pilat, “Effect of Diffusiophoresis on Particle Collection by Wet Scrubbers,” Atmos. Environ. 4:651–660 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  67. 67.
    W. G. N. Slinn and J. M. Hales, “A Re-evaluation of the Role of Thermophoresis as a Mechanism of In-and Below-cloud Scavenging,” J. Atmos. Sci. 25:1465–1471 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  68. 68.
    M. J. Pilat and A. Prem, “Effect of Diffusio-phoresis and Thermophoresis on the Overall Particle Collection Efficiency of Spray Droplet Scrubbers,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 27:982–988 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  69. 69.
    P. J. Whitmore, “Diffusiophoretic Particle Collection Under Turbulent Conditions,” Ph.D. thesis, University of British Columbia, Canada (1976).Google Scholar
  70. 70.
    S. Calvert and R. Parker, “Particulate Control Highlights: Fine Particle Scrubber Research,” EPA-600/8-78-005a, US EPA (June 1978).Google Scholar
  71. 71.
    C. Orr, Jr., F. K. Hurd, and W. J. Corbett, “Aerosol Size and Relative Humidity,” J. Coll. Sci. 13:472–482 (1958).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  72. 72.
    M. Neiburger and M. G. Wurtele, “On the Nature and Size of Particles in Haze, Fog and Stratus of the Los Angeles Region,” Chem. Rev. 44:321–335 (1949).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  73. 73.
    D. W. Cooper, D. W. Underhill, and M. J. Ellenbecker, “A Critique of the U.S. Standard for Industrial Exposure to Sodium Hydroxide Aerosols,” Am. Indus. Hyg. Assn. J. 40:365–371 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  74. 74.
    B. W. Lancaster and W. Strauss, “A Study of Stream Injection into Wet Scrubbers,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund. 10:362–369 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  75. 75.
    S. Calvert and N. C. Jhaveri, “Flux Force/Condensation Scrubbing,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 24:947–952 (1974).Google Scholar
  76. 76.
    S. Calvert, S. Gandhi, D. L. Harmon, and L. E. Sparks, “FF/C Scrubber Demonstration on a Secondary Metals Recovery Furnace,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 27:1076–1080 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  77. 77.
    R. B. Jacko and M. L. Holcomb, “A Parametric Study of Flux Force/Condensation Scrubber for the Removal of Fine Hydrophobie Particles.” Paper 78-17.2 presented at the 71st Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Houston, TX (June 1978).Google Scholar
  78. 78.
    D. W. Cooper, “Approximate Equations for Predicting Electrostatic Particle Collection.” in Novel Concepts and Advanced Technology in Particulate-Gas Separation, edited by T. Ariman, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. (1978).Google Scholar
  79. 79.
    K. A. Nielsen, “Written Discussion,” in Novel Concepts and Advanced Technology in Particulate-Gas Separation, edited by T. Ariman, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. (1978).Google Scholar
  80. 80.
    S. Oglesby, Jr. and G. B. Nichols, “Electrostatic Precipitation,” in Air Pollution, edited by A. C. Stern, Academic Press, New York (1977).Google Scholar
  81. 81.
    M. J. Pilat, S. A. Jaasund, and L. E. Sparks, “Collection of Aerosol Particles by Electrostatic Droplet Spray Scrubbers,” Env. Sci. Technol. 4:360–362 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  82. 82.
    M. J. Pilat, “Collection of Aerosol Particles by Electrostatic Droplet Spray Scrubbers,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn 25:176–178 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  83. 83.
    C. W. Lear, W. F. Krieve, and E. Cohen, “Charged Droplet Scrubbing for Fine Particle Control,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 25:184–189 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  84. 84.
    S. Calvert, S. C. Yung, H. Barbarika, and R. G. Patterson, “Evaluation of Four Novel Fine Particulate Collection Devices,” EPA-600/2-78-062, US EPA, March (1978).Google Scholar
  85. 85.
    M. T. Kearns, “High Intensity Ionization Applied to Venturi Scrubbing,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 29:383–385 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  86. 86.
    D. C. Drehmel, “Advanced Electrostatic Collection Concepts,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 27:1090–1092 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  87. 87.
    C. G. Bell and W. Strauss, “Effectiveness of Vertical Mist Eliminators in a Cross Flow Scrubber,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 23:967–969 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  88. 88.
    S. Calvert, “Guidelines for Selecting Mist Eliminators,” Chem. Eng., 109-112 (February 27, 1978).Google Scholar
  89. 89.
    D. Leith and D. Mehta, “Cyclone Performance and Design,” Atmos. Environ. 7:527–549 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  90. 90.
    S. Calvert and R. Parker, “Particulate Control Highlights: Fine Particle Scrubber Research,” EPA-600/8-78-005a, US EPA (June 1978).Google Scholar
  91. 91.
    W. Strauss, “Mist Eliminators,” in Air Pollution, edited by A. C. Stern, Academic Press, New York (1977).Google Scholar
  92. 92.
    G. H. Griwatz, J. V. Friel, and J. L. Creehouse, Report 71-45, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Mine Safety Applications Research Corp., Evans City, PA (1971).Google Scholar
  93. 93.
    B. A. Steiner and R. J. Thompson, “Wet Scrubbing Experience for Steel Mill Applications,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 27:1069–1075 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  94. 94.
    E. C. Hoxie and G. W. Tuffnell, “A Summary of INCO Corrosion Tests in Power Plant Flue Gas Scrubbing Processes,” in Resolving Corrosion Problems in Air Pollution Equipment. National Association of Corrosion Engrs., Houston, TX (1976).Google Scholar
  95. 95.
    J. S. Busch, W. E. MacMath, and M. S. Lin, “Design and Cost of High Energy Scrubbers: 1. The Basic Scrubber,” Pollut. Engrg., pp. 28-32 (January 1973).Google Scholar
  96. 96.
    L. D. Stulov, F. I. Murashkevich, and N. A. Fuchs, “The Efficiency of Collision of Solid Aerosol Particles with Water Surfaces,” J. Aerosol Sci. 9:1–6 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  97. 97.
    R. W. Mcllvaine, “When to Pilot and When to Use Theoretical Predictions of Required Venturi Pressure Drop.” Paper 77-17.1 presented at the 70th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Toronto, Canada (1977).Google Scholar
  98. 98.
    M. Taheri, S. A. Beg, and M. Beizie, “The Effect of Scale-up on the Performance of High Energy Scrubbers,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 23:963–966 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  99. 99.
    N. S. Balakreshnan and G. H. S. Cheng, “Scale-up Effect of Venturi Scrubber.” Paper 78-17.3 presented at the 71st Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Houston, TX (June 1978).Google Scholar
  100. 100.
    S. W. Behie and J. M. Beeckmans, “Effects of Water Injection Arrangement on the Performance of a Venturi Scrubber,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 24:943–945 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  101. 101.
    N. G. Edmisten and F. L. Bunyard, “A Systematic Procedure for Determining the Cost of Controlling Particulate Emissions from Industrial Sources,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 20:446–452 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  102. 102.
    E. M. Hanf and J. W. MacDonald, “Economic Evaluation of Wet Scrubbers,” Chem. Eng. Prog. 7(3):48–52 (1975).Google Scholar
  103. 103.
    M. D. Fraser and D. R. Eaton, “Cost Models for Venturi Scrubber System.” Presented at 68th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Boston (1975).Google Scholar
  104. 104.
    R. B. Neveril, J. U. Price, and K. L. Engdahl, “Capital and Operating Costs of Selected Air Pollution Control Systems-I.-V.” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 25:829–836, 963-968, 1069-1072, 1171-1174, 1253-1256 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  105. 105.
    A. C. Stern, H. C. Wohlers, R. W. Boubel, and W. P. Lowry, Fundamentals of Air Pollution, Academic Press, New York (1973).Google Scholar
  106. 106.
    D. W. Cooper, “On the Products of Lognormal and Cumulative Lognormal Particle Size Distributions,” J. Aerosol Sci. 13:111–120 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  107. 107.
    K. W. Lee and J. A. Gieseke, “A Note on the Approximations of Interceptional Collection Efficiencies,” J. Aerosol Sci. 11:335–341 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  108. 108.
    D. S. F. Atkinson and W. Strauss, “Droplet Size and Surface Tension in Venturi Scrubbers,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 28:1114–1118 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  109. 109.
    D. W. Cooper, “Filter Beds: Energy-Efficient Packing Diameter,” J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 32:205–208 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  110. 110.
    D. W. Cooper, “Optimizing Filter Fiber Diameter,” Atmos. Environ. 16:1529–1533 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  111. 111.
    T. D. Placek and L. K. Peters, “Analysis of Particulate Removal in Venturi Scrubbers—Effect of Operating Variables on Performance,” AIChE J. 27:984–993 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  112. 112.
    L. P. Bayvel, “The Effect of the Polydispersity of Drops on the Efficiency of a Venturi Scrubber,” TransIChemE, 60:31–34 (1982).Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1997

Authors and Affiliations

  • Douglas W. Cooper

There are no affiliations available

Personalised recommendations