The regulation of estrogen receptor expression and function in human breast cancer

  • Anne T. Ferguson
  • Rena G. Lapidus
  • Nancy E. Davidson
Chapter
Part of the Cancer Treatment and Research book series (CTAR, volume 94)

Abstract

Estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) play an important role in the development and function of the mammary gland. During mammary gland development, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland signal changes in the level of plasma estrogen, which is associated with proliferation of the mammary epithelial cells, leading to branching of ducts and formation of alveolar structures called lobules. Normal mammary epithelial cells express low basal levels (0-37 fmol/mg cytosol protein) of ER, and immunohistochemical studies show that about 7% of normal breast epithelial cells stain positively for ER [1,2]. These levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle in conjunction with the cyclic changes in estrogen [3]. Definitive evidence that ER plays a pivotal role in normal mammary development was demonstrated using transgenic mice that were homozygously deleted for the gene. Adult female ER knockout mice develop mammary glands with only vestigial ducts present at the nipples [4].

Keywords

Estrogen Receptor Human Breast Cancer Cell Line Estrogen Receptor Gene Human Estrogen Receptor Estrogen Receptor Protein 
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1998

Authors and Affiliations

  • Anne T. Ferguson
  • Rena G. Lapidus
  • Nancy E. Davidson

There are no affiliations available

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