Perchlorate in the Environment pp 165-176 | Cite as
Efficient Treatment of Perchlorate (ClO4−)-Contaminated Groundwater with Bifunctional Anion Exchange Resins
Abstract
The perchlorate (ClO4 −) anion originates as a contaminant in the environment primarily from the disposal of solid salts of ammonium or sodium perchlorate, which are very soluble in water.1,2 Although thermodynamically a strong oxidizing agent, the perchlorate anion is known to be kinetically inert in many redox reactions and noncomplexing in its interactions with typical metal ions found in the environment. These properties make the perchlorate ion exceedingly mobile in the subsurface soil environment. It can persist for many decades under typical groundwater and surface-water conditions because of kinetic barriers in its reactivity with other organic or inorganic constituents. Large volumes of perchlorate-containing compounds have been disposed of in the environment since the 1950s.1 However, the extent of the problem was not folly realized until 1997, shortly after the development of a sensitive ion Chromatographic method for detecting ClO4 − in water.3 A national survey indicates that 44 states have former perchlorate manufacturers or users; ClO4 − has now been detected in groundwater or surface water in 14 states.2 For example, water suppliers in California have detected ClO4 − in 144 public water-supply wells; 3 8 of these are above California’s advisory action level of 18 μg L−1 ClO4 −.
Keywords
Anion Exchange Resin Exchange Kinetic Slow Reaction Kinetic Resin Amine Batch Equilibrium StudyPreview
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