New Generation Vaccines pp 43-49 | Cite as
Co-Entrapment of T-Cell and B-Cell Peptides in Liposomes Overcomes Genetic Restriction in Mice and Induces Immunological Memory
Chapter
Abstract
New-generation immunological adjuvants currently under investigation include immunostimulating complexes, block copolymers, nanoparticles and liposomes (Gregoriadis et al, 1991). The latter, used extensively since 1970 as a drug delivery system (Gregoriadis and Florence, 1993), were shown in 1974 (Allison and Gregoriadis, 1974) to promote immune responses to entrapped diphtheria toxoid. Work by numerous workers during the last two decades (Gregoriadis, 1990) has extended this observation for a growing number of bacterial, viral and protozoan antigens. In addition, as a result of the unique structural versatility of liposomes, it is now possible to manipulate their membrane fluidity (Gregoriadis et al, 1987; Davis and Gregoriadis, 1987; Therien et al, 1991), surface charge (Latiff and Bacchawat, 1987), size (Francis et al, 1985) and phospholipid to antigen mass ratio (Davis and Gregoriadis, 1987, 1989; Therien et al, 1991) so as to achieve optimal adjuvanticity for a number of antigens. Further amplification of adjuvanticity has been observed by receptor-mediated targeting to antigen presenting cells (Garcon et al, 1988) and the co-entrapment of interleukin-2 together with the antigen (Tan and Gregoriadis, 1989).
Keywords
Tetanus Toxoid Immunogenic Peptide Helper Effect Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Viral Nucleotide Sequence
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© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1993