Smart Use of Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA) to Characterize Sperm Motion

  • Sally D. Perreault

Abstract

Computer-aided s perm a nalysis (CASA) has evolved over the past fifteen years to provide an objective, practical means of measuring and characterizing the v elocity a nd pattern of sperm motion. CASA instruments use video frame-grabber boards to capture multiple images of dozens of spermatozoa as they swim across the microscope’s field of view. The computer digitizes the sperm tracks for real time or later analysis of various motion parameters (reviewed by Boyers et al., 1989; Mortimer, 1997).

Keywords

Sperm Motion Human Spermatozoon Semen Quality Motile Sperm Video Frame Rate 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Barrett, C.L.R., Tomlinson, M.J., and Cooke, I.D., 1993, Prognostic significance of computerized motility analysis forin vivofertility,Fertil. Steril.60:520.Google Scholar
  2. Blazak, W.F., 1997, Evaluation of an investigational new drug, in:Comprehensive Toxicology, Volume 10 Reproductive and Endocrine Toxicology,K. Boekelheide, R.E. Chapin, P.B. Hoyer, and C. Harris, eds., Elsevier Science, Ltd., New YorkGoogle Scholar
  3. Bonde, J.P.E., Ernst, E., Jensen, T.K., Hjollund, N.H.I., Kolstad, H., Henriksen, T.B., Scheike, T., Giwercman, A., Olsen, J., and Skakkebaek, N.E., 1998, Relation between semen quality and fertility: a population-based study of 430 first-pregnancy planners,Lancet352:1172.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Bonde J.P.E., Joffe, M., Danscher, G., Apostoli, P., Bisanti, L., Giwercman, A., Kolstad, H.A., Thonneau, P., Roeleveld, N., Vanhoorne, M., ASCLEPIOS, 1999, Objectives, designs and populations of the European ASCLEPIOS study on occupational hazards to male reproductive capability,Scand J Environ Health25 (suppl 1):49.Google Scholar
  5. Boyers, S.P., David, R.O., and Katz, D.F., 1989, Automated semen analysis.Curr. Prob Obstet. Gynecol.Fertil. XII: 167.Google Scholar
  6. Burkman, L.J., 1984, Characterization of hyperactivated motility by human spermatozoa during capacitation: Comparison of fertile and oligozoospermic sperm populations,Arch. Androl.13:153.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Burkman, L.J., 1991, Discrimination between nonhperactivate and classical hyperactivate motility patterns in human spermatozoa using computerized analysis,Fert. Steril.55:363.Google Scholar
  8. Cancel, A.M., Lobdell, D., Mendola, P., and Perreault, S.D. 2000, Objective evaluation of hyperactivated motility in rat spermatozoa using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA),Hum. Reprod.15:1322.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Claudio, L., Bearer, C.F., and Wallinga, D., 1999, Assessment of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency methods for identification of hazards to developing organisms, part 1: The reproduction and fertility testing guidelines,Amer. J. Ind. Med.35: 543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Clegg, E., Perreault, S.D., and Klinefelter, G.R., 2001, Assessment of male reproductive toxicity, in Principles and Methods inToxicology,4th edition, W. Hayes, ed., Taylor and Francis. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
  11. Calogero, A.E., Fishel, S., Hall, J., Ferrara, E., Vicari, E., Green, S., Hunter, A., Burrello, N., Thornton, S., and D’Agata, R., 1998, Correlation between intracellular cAMP content, kinematic parameters and hyperactivation of human spermatozoa after incubation with pentoxifylline,Hum. Reprod.13:911.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Donnelly, E.T., Lewis, S.E.M., McNally, J.A., and Thompson, W., 1998, In vitro fertilization and pregnancy rates: the influence of sperm motility and morphology on IVF outcome,Fert. Steril.70:305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Dunson, D.B. and Perreault, S.D., 2001, Factor analytic models of clustered multivariate data with informative censoring,Biometrics57:302.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Dunson, D.B., Weinberg, C.R., Perreault, S.D., and Chapin, R.E., 1999, Summarizing the motion of self-propelled cells: Applications to sperm motility,Biometrics55:537.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. ESHRE Andrology Special Interest Group, 1996, Consensus workshop on advanced diagnostic andrology techniques.Hum. Reprod.11:1463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. ESHRE Andrology Special Interest Group, 1998, Guidelines on the application of CASA technology in the analysis of spermatozoa,Hum. Reprod.13:142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Green, S. and Fishel, S., 1999, Morphology comparison of individually selected hyperactivated and non-hyperactivated human spermatozoa,Hum. Reprod.14, 123.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Green, S., Fishel, S., and Rowe, P., 1999, The incidence of spontaneous acrosome reaction in homogeneous populations of hyperactivated human spermatozoa,Hum. Reprod.14, 1819.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Guerin, J.F., Merviel, P., Plachot, M., 1997, Influence of co-culture with established human endometrial epithelial and stromal cell lines on sperm movement characteristics,Hum. Reprod.12:1197.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Hjollund, N.H.I., Bonde, J.P.E., Jensen, T.K., Ernst, E., Henriksen, T.B., Kolstad, H.A., Giwercman, A., Skakkebaek, N.E., and Olsen, J., 1998, Semen quality and sex hormones with reference to metal welding,Reprod. Toxicol.12:91.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Horimoto, M., Isobe, Y., Isogai, Y., and Tachibana, M., 2000, Rat epididymal sperm motion changes induced by ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, sulfasalazine, and 2,5-hexandione,Reprod. Toxicol.14:55.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Irvine, D.S., Macleod, I.D., Templeton, A.A., Masterson, A., and Taylor, A., 1994, A prospective clinical study of the relationship between the computer-assisted assessment of human semen quality and the achievement of pregnancy in vivo.Hum. Reprod.9:2324.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Ismail, M.T., Sedor, J., and Hirsch, I.H., 1999, Are sperm motion parameters influenced by varicocele ligation?Fertil. Steril.71:886..PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Juhler, R.K., Larsen, S.B., Meyer, O., Jensen, N.D., Spano, M., Giwercman, A., Bonde, J.P., 1999, Human semen quality in relation to dietary pesticide exposure and organic diet,Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.37:415.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Kay, V.J. and Robertson, L., 1998, Hyperactivated motility of human spermatozoa: a review of physiological function and application in assisted reproduction,Hum. Reprod. Update4:776.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Klinefelter, G.R., 1997, The epididymis as a target for toxicants, in: I.G. Sipes, C.A. McQueen, and A. J. Gandolfi, eds.Comprehensive Toxicology, Vol 10,Elsevier Science, New York.Google Scholar
  27. Kolstad, H.A., Bonde, J.P., Spano, M., Giwercman, A., Zschiesche, W., Kaae, D., Larsen, S.B., Roeleveld, N. and ASCLEPIOS, 1999, Change in semen quality and sperm chromatin structure following occupational styrene exposure.Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health72:135.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Larsen, L., Scheike, T., Jensen, T.K., Bonde, J.P., Ernst, E., Hjollund, N.H., Zhou, Y., Skakkebaek, N.E., Giwercman, A., and The Danish First Pregnancy Planner Study Team, 2000, Computer-assisted semen analysis parameters as predictors for fertility of men from the general population,Hum. Reprod.15:1562.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Larsen, S.B., Giwercman, A., Spano, M., Bonde, J.P., and the ASCLEPIOS Study Group, 1998, A longitudinal study of semen quality in pesticide spraying Danish farmers,Reprod. Toxicol.12:581.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Lemasters, G.K., Olsen, D.M., Yiin, J.H., Lockey, J.E., Shukla, R., Selevan, S.G., Schrader, S.M., Toth, G.P., Evenson, D.P., and Huszar, G.B., 1999, Male reproductive effects of solvent and fuel exposure during aircraft maintenance,Reprod. Toxicol.13:155.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Macleod, I.C. and Irvine, D.S., 1995, The predictive value of computer-assisted semen analysis in the context of a donor insemination programme.Hum. Reprod.20:580.Google Scholar
  32. Moore, H.D.M. and Akhondi, M.A., 1995, Fertilizing capacity of rat spermatozoa is correlated with decline in straight-line velocity measured by continuous computer-aided sperm analysis: epididymal rat speramtozoa from the proximal cauda have a greater fertilizing capacity in vitro than those from the distal cauda or vas deferens.J. Androl.17:50.Google Scholar
  33. Morris, A.R., Couttes, J.R.T., and Robertson, L., 1996, A detailed study of the effect of videoframe rates of 25, 30 and 60 Hertz on human sperm movement characteristics.Hum. Reprod.11:304.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Mortimer, D., Serres, C., Mortimer, S.T., and Jouannet, P., 1988, Influence of image sampling frequency on the perceived movement characteristics of progressively motile human spermatozoa.Gamete Res.20:313.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Mortimer, S.T., 1997, A critical review of the physiological importance and analysis of sperm movement in mammals.Hum. Reprod. Update3:403.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Mortimer, S.T. and Mortimer, D., 1990, Kinematics of human spermatozoa incubated under capacitating conditions,J. Androl.11:195.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. Mortimer, S.T. and Swan, M.A., 1995, Kinematics of capacitating human spermatozoa analyzed at 60 Hz,Hum. Reprod.10:873.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. Mortimer, S.T. and Swan, M.A., 1999a, Effect of image sampling frequency on established and smoothing-independent kinematic values of capacitating human spermatozoa.Hum. Reprod.14:997.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. Mortimer, S.T. and Swan, M.A., 1999b, The development of smoothing-independent kinematic measures of capacitating human sperm movement,Hum. Reprod.14:986.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. Mortimer, S.T., Swan, M.A., and Mortimer, D., 1998, Effect of seminal plasma on capacitation and hyperactivation in human spermatozoa.Hum. Reprod.13:2139.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Pacey, A.A., Davies, N., Warren, M.A., C.L.R. Barratt, and Cooke, I.D., 1995, Hyperactivation may assist human sperm to detach from intimate association with the endosalpinx,Hum. Reprod.10:2603.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  42. Perreault, S.D., 1997, The mature spermatozoon as a target for reproductive toxicants, in: I.G. Sipes, C.A. McQueen, and A. J. Gandolfi, eds.Comprehensive Toxicology, Vol. 10.Elsevier Science LTD, Oxford.Google Scholar
  43. Perreault, S.D., 1998. Gamete Toxicology: The Impact of New Technologies, in: K. Korach, ed.,Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology,Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
  44. Perreault, S.D. and Cancel, A.M., 2001, Significance of incorporating measures of sperm production and function into rat toxicology studies,Reprod.121:207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. Robertson, L., Wolf, D.P., and Tash, J.S., 1988, Temporal changes in motility parameters related to acrosomal status: Identification and characterization of populations of hyperactivated human sperm,Biol. Reprod.39:797.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. Schrader, S.M., Turner, T.W., and Simon, S.D., 1991, Longitudinal study of semen quality of unexposed workers: Sperm motility characteristics,J. Androl,12:126.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  47. Schrader, S.M., Chapin, R.E., Clegg, E.D., Davis, R.O., Fourcroy, J.L., Katz, D.F., Rothmann, S.A., Toth, G., Turner, T.W., and Zinaman, M., 1992, Laboratory methods for assessing human semen in epidemiologic studies: A consensus report.Reprod. Toxicol.6:275.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. Schrader, S.M., Langford, R.E., Turner, T.W., Breitsenstein, M.J., Clarke, J.C., Jenkins, B.L., Lundy, D.O., Simon, S.D., and Weyandt, T.B., 1999, Reproductive function in relation to duty assignments among military personnel,Reprod. Toxicol.12:465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. Seed, J., Chapin, R.E., Clegg, E.D., Dostal, L.A., Foote, R.H., Hurtt, M.E., Klinefelter, G.R., Makris, S.L., Perreault, S.D., Schrader, S., Seyler, D., Sprando, R., Treinen, K.A., Veeramachaneni, D.N.Rao, and Wise, L.D., 1996, Methods for assessing sperm motility, morphology, and counts in the rat, rabbit, and dog: A consensus report,Reprod. Toxicol.10:237.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. Selevan, S.G., Borkovec, L., Slott, V.L., Zudova, Z., Rubes, J., Evenson, D.P., and Perreault, S.D., 2000, Semen quality and reproductive health of young Czech men exposed to seasonal air pollution,Environ. Health Persp.108:887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Suarez, S.S., 1995, Hyperactivated motility in sperm,J. Androl.17:331.Google Scholar
  52. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998,Health Effect Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.3800, Reproduction and Fertility Effects.U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
  53. Working, P.K. and Hurtt M.E., 1987, Computerized videomicrographic analysis of rat sperm motility,J. Androl.8:330.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  54. World Health Organization, 1999,WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction, 4th Edition,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
  55. Wyrobek, A.J., Schrader, S.M., Perreault, S.D., Fenster, L., Huszar, G., Katz, D.F., Osorio, A.M., Sublet, V., and Evenson, D., 1997, Assessment of reproductive disorders and birth defects in communities near hazardous chemical sites. III. Guidelines for field studies of male reproductive disorders,Reprod.Toxicol.11:243.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. Yao, Y., Ho, P., and Yeung, W. S., 2000, Effects of human follicular fluid on the capacitation and motility of human spermatozoa,Fert. Steril.73:680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. Zinaman, M.J., Brown, C.C., Selevan, S.G., and Clegg, E.D., 2000, Semen quality and human fertility: A prospective study with healthy couples,J. Androl.21:145.PubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2002

Authors and Affiliations

  • Sally D. Perreault
    • 1
  1. 1.Reproductive Toxicology DivisionU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research LaboratoryResearch Triangle ParkUSA

Personalised recommendations