Blood Gas Transport and Analysis

  • Poul Astrup
  • John W. Severinghaus
Chapter
Part of the People and Ideas book series (PEOPL)

Abstract

According to Greek philosophy, the multifariousness of nature was accounted for by the endless joining and parting of the four fundamental elements: earth, water, air, and fire. Specific qualities were attributed to mixtures of the elements, and the health of a body was thought to depend on the state of balance between the qualities. This concept was further elaborated by Hippocrates (460–377 B. c.) and his pupils in the doctrine of the four humours—blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile—each of which was believed to contain mixtures of pairs of quality, primarily the pairs dry/ wet and hot/cold. Any disturbance of this balance was understood to cause illness. The balance was presumed to depend on the body heat generated by an inner fire situated in the left ventricle of the heart, where it was nourished by air arriving from the lungs, and by consumption of food. According to the teaching of Aristotle (384–323 B. c.), the arteries carried air, and the veins transported blood, to the periphery of the body. Erasistratus of Cos (c. 330–250 B. c.) coined the word pneuma to describe the substance that was generated in the left ventricle when air arrived from the lungs and was pumped out through the arteries to the tissues.

Keywords

Oxygen Affinity Bohr Effect Oxygen Dissociation Curve Extra Cellular Fluid Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© American Physiological Society 1996

Authors and Affiliations

  • Poul Astrup
  • John W. Severinghaus

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