Plasticity in the Motor Network Following Primary Motor Cortex Lesion

Conference paper
First Online:
Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (volume 782)

Abstract

The behavioral deficits following stroke are particularly evident in the fine control of force, movement, and posture of the arm and hand. However, functional recovery continues in the weeks and months after the initial lesion. Various animal models of stroke have been used to investigate the mechanisms involved with this recovery. These studies have revealed a dramatic physiological and structural reorganization not only within the tissue surrounding the lesion but also in other distant areas of the brain in both the contralesional and ipsilesional hemispheres. These latter changes suggest that functional recovery could be dependent upon the adaptive plasticity of intact, remaining brain structures, a phenomenon often referred to as “vicariation of function”. In the case of a lesion in the primary motor cortex (M1), the premotor areas are particularly well positioned to substitute for the lost M1 function because of their extensive interconnections with other motor areas, their corticospinal outputs, and the movement-related activity they carry prior to the lesion. In the present chapter, the basic principles of organization of the primary motor and premotor cortex are reviewed with the addition of a few key studies carried out in monkeys that have contributed to our understandings of adaptive plasticity in the ipsilesional hemisphere after stroke.

Keywords

Squirrel Monkey Supplementary Motor Area Ventral Horn Premotor Area Rostral Portion 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The author wishes to extend grateful thanks to Dr. Kelsey D. Dancause for grammar and insightful editing and Dr. Allan Smith for suggestions on scientific content. Numa Dancause is currently holding a Chercheur Boursier Junior 1 salary award from the Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec (FRSQ) and a New Investigator salary award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).

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© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central (GRSNC), Département de Physiologie, Pavillon Paul-G-DesmaraisUniversité de MontréalMontréalCanada

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