E-Sri Lanka as a Deliberate and Emergent Strategy Process

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management book series (ITKM)

Abstract

This case study demonstrates that much of the success (or failure) of e-development programs can depend on continuous adaptation and learning during implementation, that is, on integrating deliberate and emergent strategies. It starts with analyzing the deliberate e-development strategy taken and the factors that shaped that design. It points out that this deliberate e-development strategy was not perfectly designed upfront, or guaranteed successful implementation. The design phase had to take account of political conditions, unknowns and uncertainties. The outcomes were expected to depend on many contextual factors that are beyond the control of the designers. Most critically, the outcomes were expected to depend on untested local capacity to adapt and learn during implementation so as to enable emergent strategies to reshape the original and deliberate strategy. Accordingly, strategy formulation assigned much attention to institution building and local capacity to learn, adapt, and innovate.

Keywords

Program Preparation Development Assistance Chief Information Officer Emergent Strategy National Development Strategy 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. Adelman, Irma. 2000. “Fifty Years of Economic Development: What Have We Learned?” Paper presented at the Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics–Europe 2000, Paris, June 26–28.Google Scholar
  2. Brynjolfsson, Erik, and Lorin M. Hitt. 2000. “Beyond Computation: Informational Technology, Organizational Transformation and Business Performance.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14 (4): 23–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Broadbent, Marianne, and Ellen S. Kitzis. 2005. The New CIO Leader: Setting the Agenda and Delivering Results. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar
  4. Dawson, Ross. 2005. Developing Knowledge-Based Client Relationships. Boston: Elsevier.Google Scholar
  5. Dedrick, Jason, Vijay Gurbaxani, and Kenneth L. Kraemer. 2002. “Information Technology and Economic Performance: Firm and Country Evidence.” University of California, Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, Irvine. http://repositories.cdlib.org/crito/business/296/.
  6. Denning, Stephen. 2005. The Leader’s Guide to Storytelling. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
  7. Ellerman, David, Stephen Denning, and Nagy K. Hanna. 2001. “Active Learning and Development Assistance.” In “Tacit Knowledge Exchange and Active Learning,” special issue, Journal of Knowledge Management 5 (2): 171–79.Google Scholar
  8. Fernando, Jayantha. 2010. “e-Enabling Legislation” A catalyst for ICT Based Banking and Financial Sector Growth in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka ICT Agency. Colombo, Sri Lanka.Google Scholar
  9. Fukuyama, Francis. 1995. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
  10. –––. 2004. State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
  11. Hanna, Nagy K. 1991. The Information Technology Revolution and Economic Development. World Bank Discussion Paper 120. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
  12. –––. 1994. Exploiting Information Technology for Development: A Case Study of India. World Bank Discussion Paper 246. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
  13. –––. 2004. Why National Strategies Are Needed for ICT-Enabled Development. Information Solutions Group Paper. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
  14. –––. 2007a. From Envisioning to Designing e-Development: The Experience of Sri Lanka. Directions in Development Series. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
  15. –––. 2007b. e-Leadership Institutions for the Knowledge Economy. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
  16. Hanna, Nagy, Ken Guy, and Erik Arnold. 1995. The Diffusion of Information Technology: Experience of Industrial Countries and Lessons for Developing Countries. World Bank Discussion Paper 281. Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
  17. Hanna, Nagy K., and Robert Picciotto, eds. 2002. Making Development Work: Developmental Learning in a World of Poverty and Wealth. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
  18. ILO (International Labor Organization). 2001. World Employment Report 2001. Geneva.Google Scholar
  19. Jomo K. S. and Ben Fine, eds. 2006. The New Development Economics. London: Zed BooksGoogle Scholar
  20. Knight, Peter Titcomb, Ciro Campos Christo Fernandes and Maria Alexandra Cunha, eds. 2007. e-Desenvolvimento no Brasil e no mundo: subsídios e Programa e-Brasil. São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo: Yendis.Google Scholar
  21. Kotter, John P. 1996. Leading Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar
  22. Lall, Sanjaya. 1999. “Competing with Labor: Skills and Competitiveness in Developing Countries.” Issues in Development Discussion Paper 31. International Labor Organization, Geneva.Google Scholar
  23. –––. 2001. Competitiveness, Technology and Skills. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
  24. Moore, Mark. 1997. Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
  25. Moragoda, Milinda. 2002. Parliamentary speech, Appropriation Bill 2002. Committee Stage Debate on the Ministry of Economic Reform, Science and Technology. Daily News (Colombo), April 12.Google Scholar
  26. Perez, Carlota. 2001. “Technological Change and Opportunities for Development as a Moving Target.” United Nations University, Maastricht.Google Scholar
  27. Peters, Thomas J., and Robert H. Waterman Jr. 1982. In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best-Run Companies. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
  28. Porter, Michael. 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
  29. Prahalad, C. K. 2005. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty through Profits. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing.Google Scholar
  30. Rodrik, Dani. 2000. “Development Strategies for the Next Century.” Paper presented at the Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics, Washington, DC, April 8.Google Scholar
  31. Rodrik, Dani. 2004. “Getting Institutions Right.” CESifo DICE Report (University of Munich), no. 2: 10–15.Google Scholar
  32. Scott, J. C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
  33. Stiglitz, Joseph E. 1998. “Towards a New Paradigm for Development: Strategies, Policies, and Processes.” 1998 Prebisch Lecture, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, October 19.Google Scholar
  34. Stiglitz, Joseph E., Peter R. Orszag, and Jonathan M. Orszag. 2000. “The Role of Government in a Digital Age.” Study commissioned by the Computer and Communications Industry Association. http://www.ccianet.org/govt_comp.php3.
  35. Sri Lanka, Ministry of Science and Technology. 2002. ICT Road Map. Government Print, Colombo, Sri Lanka.Google Scholar
  36. Tushman, Michael L., and Charles A. O’Reilly III. 1997. Winning through Innovation: A Practical Guide to Leading Organizational Change and Renewal. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar
  37. UNDP (United Nations Development Program). 2001. Human Development Report 2001: Making New Technologies Work for Human Development. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
  38. Wade, Robert. 1990. Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
  39. Wilson, Ernest J., III. 2004. The Information Revolution and Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
  40. –––. III. 2005. “Engaged Scholars and Thoughtful Practitioners: Enhancing Their Dialogue in the Knowledge Society.” Information Technologies and International Development 2 (4): 89–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. World Bank. 2002. Information and Communications Technologies: A World Bank Group Strategy. Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
  42. Yusuf, Shahid 2003. Innovative East Asia: The Future of Growth. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.BethesdaUSA

Personalised recommendations