The Role of Intracellular Organelles in the Regulation of Cytosolic Calcium Levels

  • Anthony L. Moore
  • Michael O. Proudlove
  • Karl E. O. Ackerman
Chapter
Part of the NATO ASI Series book series (volume 104)

Abstract

Within animal cells, the role of calcium as a second messenger of such diverse activities as cell mobility, elongation and division in addition to its role in neurotransmitter and hormone secretion and its effect on the rate of catabolism is well established (Åkerman, 1982; Åkerman and Nicholls, 1983). The cytosolic [Ca2+] in animal cells is in the order of 10-7 M (Åkerman and Nicholls, 1983) i.e. orders of magnitude lower than its extracellular concentration. Activation by various excitatory or stimulatory signals results in an increase in the internal free Ca 2+ concentration by one or two orders of magnitude. This rise in cytosolic Ca2+ triggers the above mentioned activities via Ca2+-sensitive enzymes located in the cell. Low cytosolic [Ca2+] is maintained by active extrusion driven by a calmodulin-dependent Ca2+ (Ca2+/Mg)-ATPase located in the plasma-membrane. It is buffered by transport systems residing in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and other organelles Åkerman, 1981; Borle, 1981. Whilst the basic principles of cellular Ca2+ regulation as well as Ca2+-dependent enzyme activation have been well documented in animal cells, information on analogous systems in plants is poor. In general, cytosolic [Ca2+] in plants is considered to be low (although no measurements have been reported but see Åkerman et al., 1983) and to be controlled both by active extrusion gut of the cell via plasma membrane Ca2+-translocating APTases and by Ca2+ sequestering by mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts (Moore and Åkerman, 1984).

Keywords

Endoplasmic Reticulum Jerusalem Artichoke Plant Mitochondrion Calmodulin Antagonist Cytosolic Calcium Level 
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Copyright information

© Plenum Press, New York 1986

Authors and Affiliations

  • Anthony L. Moore
    • 1
  • Michael O. Proudlove
    • 1
  • Karl E. O. Ackerman
    • 2
  1. 1.Biochemistry Dept.University of SussesBrightonUK
  2. 2.Dept. of BiochemistryAbo AkadamiTurku 50Finland

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