Factors Eliciting the Germination of Photoblastic Kalanchoe Seeds

  • J. A. De Greef
  • H. Fredericq
  • R. Rethy
  • A. Dedonder
  • E. De Petter
  • L. Van Wiemeersch
Part of the NATO ASI Series book series (NSSA, volume 187)

Abstract

In the Series “Monographies de Physiologie Végétale” edited by professor P.E. Pilet of the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Daniel Côme (1970) wrote in the introductory remarks of his book “Les Obstacles à la Germination” : “… si l’on connaît le plus souvent les causes essentielles de la non-germination d’une semence, et si l’on sait quels traitements appliquer à cette semence pour la rendre apte à germer, les raisons profondes de la non-germination sont les plus souvent inconnues ou seulement très partiellement connues. Les recherches actuelles s’orientent progressivement vers une meilleure comprehénsion de ces mécanismes. L’expérimentation est difficile du fait que le repos des semences ne correspond pas a un simple arret de croissance et que la germination elle-même est encore un phénomène assez mal connu.”

Keywords

Seed Germination Gibberellic Acid Dormant Seed Lettuce Seed Secondary Dormancy 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Axentjev, B. V., 1930, Ober die Rolle der Schalen von Samen und Fruchten, die bei der Keimung auf Licht reagieren. Bot. Zentralbl. , 46:119.Google Scholar
  2. Bartley, M. R. and Frankland, B., 1984, Phytochrome intermediates and action spectra for light perception by dry seeds, Plant Physiol. , 74:601.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Berrie, A. M. M., 1984, Germination and dormancy, in: “Advanced Plant Physiology”, M.B. Wilkins ed., Arnold Heinemann, London.Google Scholar
  4. Berrie, A. and Taylor, G., 1981, The use of population parameters in the analysis of germination of lettuce seed, Physiol. Plant. , 51:229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Bevington, J. and Hoyle, M, 1981,Phytochrome action during prechilling induced germination of Betula papyrifera March, Plant Physiol., 67:705.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Bewley, J. D. and Black, M., 1982, “Physiology and Biochemistry of Seeds”, vol. 2, Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
  7. Blaauw-Jansen, G., 1983, Thoughts on the possible role of phytochrome destruction in phytochrome-controlled responses, Plant Cell and Environment, 6: 173.Google Scholar
  8. Blaauw-Jansen, G. and Blaauw, O. H., 1975, A shift of the response threshold to red irradiation in dormant lettuce seeds, Acta Bot. Neerl. , 24:199Google Scholar
  9. Blaauw-Jansen, G. and Blaauw, O. H., 1976, Action spectra for phytochrome- mediated germination of lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.). Acta Bot. Neerl. , 25:149.Google Scholar
  10. Black, M. and Wareing, P. F., 1955, Growth studies in woody species. VII. Photoperiodic control of germination in Betula pubescens Ehr., Physiol. Plant. , 8:300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Borthwick, H. A., Hendricks, S. B., Toole, E. H. and Toole, V. K., 1954,Action of light on lettuce-seed germination, Bot. Gaz. , 115:205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Borthwick, H. A., Toole, E. H. and Toole, V. K., 1964, Phytochrome control of Paulownia seed germination. Israel J. Bot. , 13:122.Google Scholar
  13. Borthwick, H. A., Hendricks, S. B., Taylorson, M. J., Toole, V. K., 1969, The high-energy light action controlling plant responses and development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. , 64:479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Brockmann, J., Rieble, S., Kazarinova-Fukshansky, N., Seyfried, M. and Schafer, E., 1987, Phytochrome behaves as a dimer in vivo. Plant Cell Environm. , 10: 105.Google Scholar
  15. Bunsow, R. and Von Bredow, K., 1958, Wirkung von Licht und Gibberellin auf die Samenkeimung der Jurztagpflanze Kalanchoë blossfeldiana. Biol. Zentralbl. , 77:132.Google Scholar
  16. Carpita, N. and Nabors, M., 1981, Growth physics and water relations of red- light-induced germination in lettuce seeds. V. Promotion of elongation in the embryonic axes by gibberellins and phytochrome. Planta, 152:131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Chawan, D. D. and Sen, D. N., 1970, Role of some growth regulating substances on seed germination and seedling growth of Asteracantha longifolia Nees, Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz, . 161:417.Google Scholar
  18. Côme, D., 1970, Les obstacles à la germination. N°6, in“Monographies de physiologie vegetale” P. E. Pilet, ed. Masson et Cie, Publishers, Paris (France).Google Scholar
  19. Cone, J. W. and Kendrick, R. E., 1985, Fluence-response curves and action spectra for promotion and inhibition of seed germination in wildtype and long-hypocotyl mutants of Arabidopsisthaliana. Planta, 163: 43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Cone, J. W., Jaspers, P. A. and Kendrick, R. E., 1985, Biphasic fluence-response curves for light induced germination of Arabidopsis thalianaseeds, Plant Cell Environment, 8:605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Cordonnier, M.-M., 1989, Monoclonal antibodies : Molecular probes for the study of phytochrome, Photochem. Photobiol>, 49:821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Cumming, B. G., 1963, The dependence of germination on photoperiod, light quality and temperature in Chenopodium spp, Can. J. Bot. , 41:1211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Dedonder, A., Rethy, R., De Petter, E., Fredericq, H. and De Greef, J.,1980, Preliminary screening experiments on the effects of light and GA3 on the germination of different seed species, in: “Photoreceptors and Plant Development”, Proceedings of the Ann. Eur. Symp. Plant Photomorphogenesis, J. De Greef, ed., Antwerpen University Press, Antwerpen.Google Scholar
  24. Dedonder, A., Rethy, R., Fredericq, H. and De Greef, J. A., 1983, Interaction between Pfr and growth substances in the germination of light- requiring Kalanchoe seeds. Physiol. Plant. , 59:488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. De Greef, J., 1989, unpublished results.Google Scholar
  26. De Greef, J. and Fredericq, H., 1969, Photomorphogenic and chlorophyll studies in the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha. II. Photobiological responses to terminal irradiations with different red/far-red ratios, Physiol. Plant. , 22:462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. De Greef, J. and Fredericq, F., 1983, Photomorphogenesis and Hormones, in: “Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology”, New Series, vol. 16, W. Shorpshire Jr. and H. Mohr, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.Google Scholar
  28. De Petter, E., Van Wiemeersch, L., Rethy, R., Dedonder, A., Fredericq, H., De Greef, J. A., Steyaert, H. and Sztevens, H., 1985a, Probit analysis of low and very-low fluence-responses of phytochrome-controlled Kalanchoë flossfeldiana seed germination, Photochem. Photobiol. , 42:697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. De Petter, E., Van Wiemeersch, L., Fredericq, H. and De Greef, J. A., 1985b, Importance of probit analysis of fluence-response data for phytochrome- controlled germination of Kalanchoe, Biol. Jb. Dodonaea, 53:177.Google Scholar
  30. De Petter, E., 1987, Fotobiologische studie van de zaadkieming van Kalanchoë blossfeldianaPoelln. Ph.D. Thesis, State University of Ghent, Belgium.Google Scholar
  31. De Petter, E., Van Wiemeersch, L., Dedonder, A., Rethy, R., Fredericq, H. and De Greef, J. A., 1988, Mathematical approach to effects of repeated treatments in the study of very low fluence, low fluence and high fluence germination responses, Physiol. Plant. , 72:36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. De Petter, E., Van Wiemeersch, L., Rethy, R., Dedonder, A., Fredericq, H and De Greef, J., 1989, Fluence-response curves and action spectra for the very low fluence and the low fluence response for the induction of Kalanchoë seed germination, Plant Physiol. , in press.Google Scholar
  33. Downs, R.J., Hendricks, S. B. and Borthwick, H.A., 1957, Photoreversible control of elongation of pinto beans and other plants under normal conditions of growth, Bot. Gaz. , 118:199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Eldabh, R., Fredericq, H., Maton, J. and De Greef, J., 1974, Photophysiology of Kalanchoë seed germination. I. Interrelationship between photoperiod and terminal far-red light, Physiol. Plant. , 30:197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Ensminger, P. A. and Ikuma, H., 1987, Photoinduced seed germination of Oenothera biennisL. I. General characteristics. Plant Physiol. , 85:879.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Evenari, M., 1965, Light and seed dormancy, Encycl. Plant Physiol. , 15(2):804.Google Scholar
  37. Frankland, B., 1976, Phytochrome control of seed germination in relation to the light environment, in: “Light and Plant Development”, H. Smith ed., Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
  38. Frankland, B. and Taylorson, R., 1983, Light control of seed germination. in: “Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology”, vol. 16A, W. Shropshire and H. Mohr eds., Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
  39. Fredericq, H., 1965, Action of red and far-red light at the end of the short day and in the middle of the night on flowering induction in Kalanchoë blossfeldiana, Biol. Jb. Dodonaea, 33:66.Google Scholar
  40. Fredericq, H. and De Greef, J., 1968, Photomorphogenic and chlorophyll studies in the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha. I. Effect of red, far-red irradiations in short and long term experiments. Physiol. Plant. , 21:346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Fredericq, H., Eldabh, R., De Greef, J. and Maton, J., 1975, Photophysiology of Kalanchoë Seed Germination. II. Effects of short- and long-term irradiations with different red/far-red ratios and of gibberellic acid. Physiol. Plant. , 34:238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Fredericq, H., Rethy, R., De Greef, J. and Cappelle, M., 1978, Occurrence and characteristics of a memory effect in non-dormant Kalanchoë seeds, sown on gibberellic acid, Arch. Intern. Physiol. Biochim. , 86:942.Google Scholar
  43. Fredericq, H., Rethy, R., Dedonder, A., De Greef, J. and De Petter, E., 1980, Photocontrol of Kalanchoe blossfeldianaseed germination, In: “Photoreceptors and Plant Development”, Proceedings of the Ann. Eur. Symp. Plant Photomorphogenesis, J. De Greef, ed., Antwerpen University Press, Antwerpen.Google Scholar
  44. Fredericq, H., Rethy, R., Van Onckelen, H. and De Greef, J., 1983, Synergism between gibberellic acid and low Pfr levels inducing germination of Kalanchoë seeds, Physiol. Plant. , 57:402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. Fujii, T., 1962, Studies on photoperiodic responses involved in the germination of Eragrostis seeds. Bot. Mag. , 75:56.Google Scholar
  46. Gardner, W. A., 1921, Effect of light on germination of light-sensitive seeds. Bot. Gaz, 71:249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Gassner, G., 1915, Ober die keimungsauslosende Wirkung der Stickstoffsalze auf lichtempfindliche Samen, Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. , 55:259.Google Scholar
  48. Hartmann, K., 1966, A general hypothesis to interpret “high energy” phenomena of photomorphogenesis on the gasis of phytochrome. Photochem. Photobiol. , 5:349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. Hartmann, W., 1970, Untersuchungen zur Lichtabhangigen Samenkeimung von Oenothera biennisL. Biodhem. Physiol. Pflanzen, 161:368.Google Scholar
  50. Hendricks, S. B., Toole, E. H., Toole, V. K. and Borthwick, H. A., 1959, Photocontrol of plant development by the simultaneous excitation of two interconvertible pigments. III. Control of seed germination and axis elongation, Bot. Gaz. , 121:1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Hilhorst, H. W. M. and Karssen, C. M., 1988, Dual effect of light on the gibberellin- and nitrate-stimulated seed germination of Sisymbrium officinaleand Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant Physiol. , 86:591.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. Hsiao, A. and Vidaver, W., 1973, Induced requirements for gibberellic acid and red light in grand rapids lettuce seeds, Plant Physiol. , 51 (suppl.): 36.Google Scholar
  53. Ikuma, H. and Thimann, K. V., 1960, Action of gibberellic acid on lettuce seed germination, Plant Physiol. , 35:557.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. Ikuma, H. and Thimann, K. V., 1963a, Action of kinetin on photosensitive germination of lettuce seed as compared with that of gibberellic acid, Plant Cell Physiol. , 4:113.Google Scholar
  55. Ikuma, H. and Thimann, K. V., 1963b, The role of the seed-coats in germination of photosensitive lettuce seeds. Plant Cell Physiol. , 4:169.Google Scholar
  56. Isikawa, S., 1954, Light sensitivity against germination. I. ‘Photoperiodism’ of seeds. Bot. Mag. , 67:51.Google Scholar
  57. Isikawa, S. and Yokohama, Y., 1962, Effect of ‘intermittent irradiations’ on the germination of Epilobium and Hypericum seeds. Bot. Mag. , 75:127.Google Scholar
  58. Kahn, A., 1968, Inhibition of gibberellic acid-induced germination by abscissic acid and reversal by cytokinins. Plant Physiol., 43:1463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. Kahn, A.A., Goss, J.A. and Smith, D.E., 1957, Effect of gibberellin on germination of lettuce seeds, Science, 125:645.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. Karssen, C. M., 1970, The light promoted germination of the seeds of Chenopodium albumL., IV. Pfr requirement during different stages of the germination process. Acta Bot. Neerl. , 19:297.Google Scholar
  61. Kelly, J. M. and Lagarias, J.C., 1985, Photochemistry of 124-kilodalton Avena phytochrome under constant illumination in vitro, Biochemistry, 24:6003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. Kendrick, R. E. and Cone, J.W., 1985, Biphasic fluence response curves for induction of seed germination, Plant Physiol. , 79:299.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. Köhler, D., 1966, Veranderungen des Gibberellinsgehaltes von Salatsamen nach Belichtung, Planta, 70:42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. Lewak, S. and Khan, A., 1977, Mode of action of gibberellic acid and light on lettuce seed germination, Plant Physiol. , 60:575.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  65. Mohr, H. and Apphun, U., 1963, Die Keimung von Lactacu-Achänen under dem Einfluss des Phytochromsystems und der Hochenergiereaktion der Photomorphogenese, Planta, 60:274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. Nagao, M., Esashi, Y., Tanaka, T., Kumagai, T. and Fukumoto, S., 1959, Effects of photoperiod and gibberellin on the germination of seeds of Begonia evansiana Andr., Ibid. , 1:39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  67. Ottenwalder, A., 1914, Lichtintensitat und Substrat bei der Lichtkeimung. Z. Bot. , 6:785.Google Scholar
  68. Rethy, R., Fredericq, H., De Greef, J., Van Onckelen, H. and Maton, J., 1976, Long-lasting light effects in secundary dormant seeds of Kalanchoë blossfeldiana (cv. Feuerblute), treated with gibberellic acid (GA ), Arch. Intern. Physiol. Biochim. , 84:1102.Google Scholar
  69. Rethy, R., De Petter, E., Dedonder, A., Fredericq, H. and De Greef, J., 1980, Effect of gibberellic acid on light-sensitivity of Kalanchoë seeds, in: 8th. Intern. Congress on Photobiology, Strasbourg, France, book of abstracts p. 87.Google Scholar
  70. Rethy, R., Dedonder, A., Fredericq, H. and De Greef, J. A., 1983, Factors affecting the induction and release of secondary dormancy in Kalanchoë seeds, Plant Cell Environm. , 6:731.Google Scholar
  71. Rethy, R., Dedonder, A., De Petter, E., Van Wiemeersch, L., Fredericq, H., De Greef, J.A., Steyaert, H. and Stevens, H., 1987, Biphasic fluence-response curves for phytochrome-mediated Kalanchoe seed germination, Plant Physiol. , 83:126.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  72. Rethy, R., Dedonder, A., Van Wiemeersch, L., De Petter, E., Fredericq, H. and De Greef, J.A., 1986, Factors affecting the very low and low fluence versus germination responses of Kalanchoë seeds, in: Proc. XVI Yamada Conference, Okazaki, Japan, p.120.Google Scholar
  73. Rollin, P., 1963, Observations sur la difference de nature de deux photoreactions controlant la germination des akenes de Lactuca sativa var. “Reine de Mai”, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 257:3642.Google Scholar
  74. Scheibe, J. and Lang, A., 1965, Lettuce seed germination: evidence for a reversible light-induced increase in growth potential and for phytochrome mediation of the low temperature effect, Plant Physiol., 40:485.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  75. Shinkle, J. A., 1986, Photobiology of phytochrome-mediated growth responses in sections of stem tissue from etiolated oats and corn, Plant Physiol., 81:533.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  76. Shinkle, J. R. and Briggs, W.R., 1983, Auxin increases coleoptile section sensitivity to red light, In: “Annual Report of the Director, Department of Plant Biology 82–83”, W.R. Briggs, ed., Carnegie Institution, Stanford.Google Scholar
  77. Shinkle, J. R. and Briggs, W. R., 1984, Indole-3-acetic acid sensitization of phytochrome-controlled growth of coleoptile sections. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81:3742.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  78. Shinkle, J.R. and Briggs, W. R., 1985, Physiological mechanisms of the auxin-induced increase in light sensitivity of phytochrome-mediated growth responses in Avena coleoptile sections, Plant Physiol., 79:349.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  79. Shropshire, W. Jr., Klein, W.H. and Elstad, V.B., 1961, Action spectra of photomorphogenic induction and photoinactivation of germination in Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant Cell Physiol. , 2:63.Google Scholar
  80. Small, J. G., Spruit, C. J. P., Blaauw-Jansen, G. and Blaauw, O. H., 1979a, Action spectra for light-induced germination in dormant lettuce seeds. Red region, Planta144:125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  81. Small, J. G., Spruit, C. J. P., Blaauw-Jansen, G. and Blaauw, O.H., 1979b, Action spectra for light-induced germination in dormant lettuce seeds. Blue region, Planta, 144:133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  82. Steiner, E., 1968, Dormant seed environment in relation to natural selection in Oenothera. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 95:140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  83. Takaki, M., Heeringa; G.H., Cone, J.W. and Kendrick, R.E., 1985, Analysis of the effect of light and temperature on the fluence response curves for germination of Rumex obtusifolius. Plant Physiol. , 77:731.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  84. Taylorson, R. B., 1982, Interaction of phytochrome and other factors in seed germination, in: “The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination”, A.A. Khan, ed., Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp.323.Google Scholar
  85. Taylorson, R. B. and Hendricks, S., 1969, Action of Phytochrome during prechilling of Amaranthus retroflexusL. seeds, Plant Physiol. , 44:821.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  86. Vanderwoude, W. J., 1983, Mechanisms of photothermal interactions in phytochrome control of seed germination, in: “Strategies of Plant Reproduction”, W. Meudt, ed., Beltsville Symp. Agric. Res. vol. 6, Beltsville.Google Scholar
  87. Vanderwoude, W.J., 1985, A dimeric mechanism for the action of phytochrome: evidence from photothermal interactions in lettuce seed germination, Photochem. Photobiol. , 42:655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  88. Vanderwoude, W. J. and Toole, E.H., 1980, Studies of the mechanism of enhancement of phytochrome dependent lettuce seed germination by prechilling, Plant Physiol. , 66:220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  89. Wulff, R. and Medina, E., 1971, Germination of seeds in Hyptis suaveolensPoit. Plant Cell Physiol. , 12:567.Google Scholar
  90. Yokohama, Y., 1965, Analytical studies on the variation of light dependence in light-germinating seeds. Bot. Mag. , 78:452.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Plenum Press, New York 1989

Authors and Affiliations

  • J. A. De Greef
    • 2
  • H. Fredericq
    • 1
  • R. Rethy
    • 1
  • A. Dedonder
    • 1
  • E. De Petter
    • 1
  • L. Van Wiemeersch
    • 1
  1. 1.Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyUniversity of Gent, K.L.GentBelgium
  2. 2.Dept. Plant BiologyUniversity of Antwerpen,UIA-RUCAAntwerpen-WilrijkBelgium

Personalised recommendations