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Dietary Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Treatment pp 63–85Cite as

Estrogens, Phytoestrogens, and Breast Cancer

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 401))

Abstract

Estrogens have been widely implicated in the genesis and progression of breast cancer. Over 200 years ago, the Italian physician Ramazzini observed an increased incidence of breast cancer among nuns. Almost 100 years ago the Scottish physician Beatson described the beneficial effects of ovariectomy on the progress of breast cancer in premenopausal women.1 Nevertheless, the precise role(s) of estrogens and estrogenic stimuli in breast cancer remains unknown. Indeed, it is difficult to provide a universal definition of either an estrogen or an estrogenic response.

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  1. Vincent T Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, 3970 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA

    Robert Clarke, Leena Hilakivi-Clarke, Elizabeth Cho, Mattie R. James & Fabio Leonessa

  2. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical School, 3970 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA

    Robert Clarke & Fabio Leonessa

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical School, 3970 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA

    Leena Hilakivi-Clarke

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    © 1996 Plenum Press, New York

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    Clarke, R., Hilakivi-Clarke, L., Cho, E., James, M.R., Leonessa, F. (1996). Estrogens, Phytoestrogens, and Breast Cancer. In: Dietary Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 401. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0399-2_6

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