Abstract
The increasingly successful treatment protocols for gonadal and extragonadal malignant germ cell tumors (MGCT), in particular nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT), have stimulated careful clinical and pathological staging (Whitmore, 1979; Vugrin et al., 1979a; Hussey, 1981; Einhorn, 1981), and provided new data on the pattern of metastasis of these neoplasms. Moreover, the gradual acceptance of a more uniform histological classification of germ cell tumors (GCT) regardless of their site of origin (Serov and Scully, 1973; Mostofi, 1977b; Brodeur et al., 1981) has made a review of the recent literature on metastasis of these tumors more feasible.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Altman RP, Randolph JG, Lilly JR (1974) Sacrococcygeal teratoma: American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical Section Survey-1973. J Pediatr Surg 9:389–398.
Baer W, Hedinger C (1976) Comparison of histologic types of primary testicular germ cell tumors with their metastases. Consequences for the WHO and the British nomenclatures? Virchows Arch A 370:41–54
Beattie EJ (1979) Mediastinal germ cell tumors (surgery). Semin Oncol 6:109–112
Bagshaw MA, McLaughlin WT, Earle JD (1969). Definitive radiotherapy of primary mediastinal seminoma. Am J Roentgenol 105:86–94
Bale PM, Painter DM, Cohen D (1975) Teratomas in childhood. Pathology 7:209–218
Benjamin F, Rorat E (1975) Solid ovarian teratoma with peritoneal and abdominal implants, progressive in vivo maturation, and probable cure. Gynecol Oncol 3:308–313
Bergman F (1966) Carcinoma of the ovary. A clinicopathological study of 86 autopsied cases with special reference to mode of spread. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 45:211–231
Bosl AJ, Vogelzang NJ, Goldman A, Fraley EE, Lange PH, Levitt SH, Kennedy BJ (1981) Impact of delay in diagnosis on clinical stage of testicular cancer. Lancet 2:970–973
Borski AA (1973) Diagnosis, staging and natural history of testicular tumors. Cancer 32:1202–1205
Brodeur GM, Howarth CB, Pratt CB, Caces J, Hustu O (1981) Malignant germ cell tumors in 57 children and adolescents. Cancer 48:1890–1898
Carr I, Carr J (1980) Experimental lymphatic invasion and metastasis. In Weiss L, Gilbert HA, Ballon SC (eds) Lymphatic System Metastasis. Hall, Boston, pp. 41–73
Castaldo TW, Petrilli ES, Ballon SC, Berman ML (1980) Lymph node metastases from epithelial carcinoma of the ovary. In Weiss L, Gilbert HA, Ballon SC (eds). Lymphatic System Metastasis. Hall, Boston pp 383–389
Chait MM, Kurtz RC, Hajdu SI (1978) Gastrointestinal tract metastasis in patients with germ-cell tumor of the testis. Am J Dig Dis 23:925–928
Cheng E, Cvitkovic E, Wittes RE, Golbey RB (1978) Germ cell tumors (II) VAB II in metastatic testicular cancer. Cancer 42:2162–2168
Cox JD (1975) Primary malignant germinal tumors of the mediastinum; a study of 24 cases. Cancer 36:1162–1168
Di Saia PJ, Saltz A, Kagan AR, Morrow CP (1977) Chemotherapeutic retroconversion of immature teratoma of the ovary. Obstet Gynecol 49:346–350
Einhorn LH, Donohue J (1977) cis-Diamminodichloroplatinum, vinblastine and bleomycin combination chemotherapy in disseminated testicular cancer. Ann Int Med 87:293–298
Einhorn LH (1981) Testicular cancer as a model for a curable neoplasm: The Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award Lecture. Cancer Res 41:3275–3280
Einhorn LH, Williams SD, Mandelbaum I, Donohue JP (1981) Surgical resection in disseminated testicular cancer following chemotherapeutic cytoreduction. Cancer 48:904–908
Exelby PR (1980) Testicular cancer in children. Cancer 45:1803–1809
Feldman GB (1975) Lymphatic obstruction in carcinomatous ascites. Cancer Res 35:325–329
Fidler IJ (1973) The relationship of embolic heterogeneity, number, size and viability to the incidence of experimental metastasis. Eur J Cancer 9:223–227
Fidler IJ (1978) Tumor heterogeneity and the biology of cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer Res 38:2651–2660
Fidler IJ, Kripke ML (1977) Metastasis results from preexisting variant cells within a malignant tumor. Science 197:893–895
Fidler IJ, Gruys E, Citone MA, Barnes Z, Bucana C (1981) Demonstration of multiple phenotypic diversity in a murine melanoma of recent origin. J Natl Cancer Inst 67:947–953
Fosså SD, Klepp O, Elgjo RF, Eliassen G, Melsom H, Urnes T, Wang M (1981) The effect of patient’s delay and doctor’s delay in patients with malignant germ cell tumors. In: Skakkebaek NE, Berthelsen JG, Grigor KM, Visfeldt J (eds). Early Detection of Testicular Cancer. Scriptor, Copenhagen, pp 134–144
Fox H, Langley FA (1976) Tumors of the Ovary. Heinemann, London, pp 172–261
Fraley EE, Lange PH, Williams RD, Ortlip SA (1980). Staging of early nonseminomatous germ-cell testicular cancer. Cancer 45:1762–1767
Grosfeld JL, Ballantine TVN, Lowe D, Baehner RL (1976) Benign and malignant teratomas in children: Analysis of 85 patients. Surgery 80:297–305
Haimovic IC, Sharer L, Hyman RA, Beresford HR (1981) Metastasis of intracranial germinoma through a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Cancer 48:1033–1036
Hermanek P (1977) Testicular cancer, histologic classification and staging, topography of lymph node metastases. Recent Results Cancer Res 60:202–211
Higgins CC, Buchert WI (1939) Malignant tumors of the testicle. A review of 83 cases. Am J Surg 43:675–687
Hong WK, Wittes RE, Hajdu ST, Cvitkovic E, Whitmore WF, Golbey RB (1977) The evolution of mature teratoma from malignant testicular tumors. Cancer 40:2987–2992
Hultén L, Kindblom LG, Lindhagen J, Rosencrantz M, Seeman T, Wahlquist L (1973) Funicular and pedal lymphography in testicular tumors. Acta Chir Scand 139:746–758
Hussey DH (1981) A comparison of treatment methods for germinal cell tumors of the testis other than pure seminoma. Radiology 139:181–188
Jewett MAS, Whitmore WF (1976) Adult teratoma of the testis metastasizing as adult teratoma: case report and review of literature (letter). J Urol 115:342
Johnson DE, Appelt G, Samuels ML, Luna M (1976) Metastases from testicular carcinoma. Urology 8:234–239
Jonsson K, Wallace S, Jing BS, Boyle LE, Johnson DE (1978) Lymphangiography in patients with malignancy in a non-descended testicle. J Urol 119:614–617
Julian CG, Goss J, Blanchard K, Woodruff JD (1964) Biologic behaviour of primary ovarian malignancy. Obstet Gynecol 44:873–884
Kahan B (1979) Ovarian localization of embryonal teratocarcinoma cells derived from female germ cells. Somat Cell Genet 5:763–780
Kaye SB, Bagshaw KD, McElwain TJ, Peckham MJ (1979) Brain metastases in malignant teratoma: a review of four years’s experience and an assessment of the role of tumor markers. Brit J Cancer 39:217–223
Kedia K, Fraley EE (1975) Adult teratoma of the testis metastasizing as adult teratoma: a case report and review of literature. J Urol 114:636–639
Kennedy BJ, Griffen WO, Lober P (1965) Specific effect of mithramycin on embryonal carcinoma of the testis. Cancer 18:1631–1636
Kleinsmith LJ, Pierce GB (1964) Multipotentiality of single embryonal carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 24:1544–1552
Kripke ML, Gruys E, Fidler IJ (1978) Metastatic heterogenity of cells from an ultraviolet light induced murine fibrosarcoma of recent origin. Cancer Res 38:2962–2967
Kurman RJ, Norris HJ (1978) Germ cell tumors of the ovary. Pathol Ann 13:291–325
Kurokawa Y (1970) Experiments on lymph node metastases by intralymphatic inoculation of rat ascites tumor cells, with special reference to lodgement, passage, and growth of tumor cells in lymph nodes. Gann 61:461–471
Lee MS, Hendrickson FR (1978) Analysis of pattern of recurrence in nonseminomatous testicular tumor. Radiology 127:775–777
Liotta LA, Kleinerman J, Saidel GM (1976) The significance of hematogenous tumor cell clumps in the metastatic process. Cancer Res 36:889–894
Luna MA, Valenzuela-Tamariz J (1976) Germ-cell tumors of the mediastinum, postmortem findings. Am J Clin Pathol 65:450–454
Mackenzie AR (1966) Chemotherapy of metastatic testis cancer. Results in 154 patients. Cancer 19:1369–1376
McGirr VG, Goldstein AM, Thompson DM, Utley WLF (1977) Testicular tumours: treatment by surgery and radiotherapy. AustNZJ Surg 47:491–495
Merrin C, Baumgartner G, Wajsman Z (1975) Benign transformation of testicular carcinoma by chemotherapy. Lancet 1:43–44
Mitchell MS (1980) A note on the lymph node as an immunologic barrier. In: Weiss L, Gilbert HA, Ballon SC (eds) Lymphatic System Metastasis, Hall, Boston, pp 74–79
Morrow CP (1979) Classification and characteristics of ovarian cancer. Clin Obstet Gynecol 22:925–937
Mostofi FK (1973) Testicular tumors. Epidemiologic, etiologic and pathologic features. Cancer 32:1186–1201
Mostofi FK (1977a) Epidemiology and pathology of tumors of human testis. Recent Results Cancer Res 60:176–195
Mostofi FK (1977b) Histological typing of Testis Tumours. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Norris HJ, Zirkin HJ, Benson WL (1976) Immature (malignant) teratoma of the ovary. A clinical and pathologic study of 58 cases. Cancer 37:2359–2372.
O’Hare MJ (1978) Teratomas, neoplasia and differentiation: a biological overview. I. The natural history of teratomas. Invest Cell Pathol 1:39–63
Oosterhuis JW, Andrews PW (1982) Effects of Cis-platinum (CDDP) on mouse teratocarcinoma cell lines in vitro: no induction of differentiation; preferential killing of stem cells. Proceedings of the 23rd Dutch Federation Meeting, Abstract 320
Oosterhuis JW, Damjanov I (1982) Treatment of primary embryo derived teratocarcinomas in mice with Cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol (in press)
Oosterhuis JW, Fox N, Damjanov I (1982) Maturation of mouse teratocarcinoma treated with Cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (CDDP) (abstract). Proceedings of the AACR 23:225
Oosterhuis JW, Suurmeijer AJH, Sleijfer DTh, Schraffordt-Koops H, Oldhoff J, Fleuren GJ (1982) Effects of multiple drug chemotherapy (Cis-diammine- dichloroplatinum, bleomycin and vinblastine) on the maturation of retroperitoneal lymph node metastases of non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: no evidence for de novo induction of differentiation. Cancer 23:225
Parkinson C, Beilby JOW (1977) Features of prognostic significance in testicular germ cell tumours. J Clin Path 30:113–119
Patton JF, Seitzman DN, Zone RA (1960) Diagnosis and treatment of testicular tumors. Am J Surg 99:525–532
Peckham MJ (1981a) Investigation and staging: general aspects and staging classification. In: Peckham MJ (ed) The Management of Testicular Tumours. Edward Arnold, London, pp 89–101
Peckham MJ (1981b) Non-seminomas: current treatment results and future prospects. In: Peckham MJ (ed) The Management of Testicular Tumours. Edward Arnold, London, pp 218–239
Plentl AA, Friedman EA (1971) Lymphatic System of the Female Genitalia. Saunders, Philadelphia
Ray B, Hajdu SI, Whitmore WF (1974) Distribution of retroperitoneal lymph node metastases in testicular germinal tumors. Cancer 33:340–348
Reynolds TF, Vugrin D, Cvitkovic E, Cheng E, Braun DW, O’Hehir MA, Dukeman ME, Whitmore WF, Golbey RB (1981) VAB-3 combination chemotherapy of metastatic testicular cancer. Cancer 48:888–898
Robboy SJ, Scully RE (1970) Ovarian teratoma with glial implants on the peritoneum. Human Pathol 1:643–653
Rosai J, Khodaoust K, Silber I (1969) Spermatocytic seminoma II. Ultrastructural study. Cancer 24:103–116
Roth LM, Panganiban WG (1976) Gonadal and extragonadal yolk sac carcinomas. A clinicopathological study of 14 cases. Cancer 37:812–820
Rubinstein LJ (1981) Cytogenesis and differentiation of pineal neoplasms. Human Pathol 12:441–448
Sakata K, Yamada H, Sakai N, Hosono Y, Kawasako T, Sasoaka I (1975) Extraneural metastasis of pineal tumor. Surg Neurol 3:49–54
Sandeman TF, Matthews JP (1979) The staging of testicular tumors. Cancer 43:2514–2524
Schold SC, Vugrin D, Golbey RB, Posner JB (1979) Central nervous system metastases from germ cell carcinoma of the testis. Semin Oncol 6:102–108
Scully RE (1979) Tumors of the Ovary and Maldeveloped Gonads. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, pp 38–43
Serov SF, Scully RE (1973) Histological Typing of Ovarian Tumors. World Health Organization, Geneva
Sigel A, Krieger F (1977) Scrotal operation or biopsy of testicular tumors - a fatal mistake? Recent Results Cancer Res 60:212–214
Skakkebaek NE (1975) Atypical germ cells in the adjacent “normal” tissue of testicular tumours. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A 83:127–130
Skakkebaek NE, Berthelsen JG, Visfeldt J (1981) Clinical aspects of testicular carcinoma-in-situ. In: Skakkebaek NE, Berthelsen JG, Grigor KM, Visfeldt J (eds) Early Detection of Testicular Cancer. Scriptor, Copenhagen, pp 153–160
Skinner DG (1976) Non-seminomatous testis tumors: A plan of management based on 96 patients to improve survival in all stages by combined therapeutic modalities. J Urol 115:65–69
Smith DR, Hardman JM, Earle KM (1969) Metastasizing neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system. J Neurosurg 31:50–58
Smithers DW (1969) Maturation in human tumours. Lancet 2:949–952
Snijder RN (1969) Completely mature pulmonary metastasis from testicular teratocarcinoma. Case report and review of literature. Cancer 24:810–819
Solter D, Knowles BB (1978) Monoclonal antibody defining a stage-specific mouse embryonic antigen (SSEA-1). Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 75:5565–5569
Solter D, Damjanov I (1979) Teratocarcinoma and the expression of onco-developmental genes. Methods Cancer Res 18:277–332
Solter D, Shevinsky L, Knowles BB, Strickland S (1979) The induction of antigenic changes in a teratocarcinoma stem cell line (F9) by retinoic acid. Dev Biol 70:515–521
Stoter G, Vendrik CPJ, Struyvenberg A, Brouwers ThM, Sleyfer DTh, Schraffordt Koops H, Van Oosterom AT, Pinedo HM (1979) Combination chemotherapy with Cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum, vinblastine and bleomycin in advanced testicular non-seminoma. Lancet 1:941–945
Sung DL, Harisiadis L, Chang CH (1978) Midline pineal tumors and suprasellar germinomas: highly curable by irradiation. Radiology 128:745–751
Takei Y, Pearl GS (1981) Ultrastructural study of intracranial yolk sac tumor: with special reference to the oncologic phylogeny of germ cell tumors. Cancer 48:2038–2046
Talerman A (1975) The incidence of yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) elements in germ cell tumors of the testis in adults. Cancer 36:211–215
Thurlbeck WM, Scully RE (1960) Solid teratoma of the ovary. A clinicopathological analysis of 9 cases. Cancer 13:804–811
Vugrin D, Cvitkovic E, Whitmore WF, Golbey RB (1979a) Adjuvant chemotherapy in resected nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: stage I and II. Semin Oncol 6:94–98
Vugrin D, Cvitkovic E, Posner J, Hajdu S, Golbey RB (1979b) Neurological complications of malignant germ cell tumors of testis. Biology of brain metastases (I). Cancer 44:2349–2353
Vugrin D, Cvitkovic E, Whitmore WF, Cheng E, Golbey RB (1981a) VAB-4 combination chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic testis tumors. Cancer 47:833–839
Vugrin D, Whitmore WF, Cvitkovic E, Grabstald H, Sogani P, Barzell W, Golbey RB (1981b) Adjuvant chemotherapy combination of Vinblastine, Actinomycin D, Bleomycin and Chlorambucil following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for stage II testis tumor. Cancer 47:840–844
Vugrin D, Whitmore WF, Sogani PC, Bains M, Herr HW, Golbey RB (1981c) Combined chemotherapy and surgery in treatment of advanced germ-cell tumors. Cancer 47:2228–2231
Walter P (1980) Séminome spermatocytaire. Etude de 8 observations et revue de la littérature. Virchows Arch A 386:175–187
Weiss L (1976) Introduction. In: Weiss L (ed) Fundamental Aspects of Metastasis. North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 1–6
Weiss L (1980) Pathophysiology of metastasis within the lymphatic system. In: Weiss L, Gilbert HA, Ballon SC (eds) Lymphatic System Metastasis. Hall, Boston pp 2–40
Whitmore WF (1970) Germinal tumors of the testis. In: National Cancer Conference 6th, Denver 1968, Proceedings. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 219–245
Whitmore WF (1979) Surgical treatment of adult germinal testis tumors. Semin Oncol 6:55–68
Williams SD, Einhorn LH (1979) Brain metastases in disseminated germinal neoplasms. Incidence and clinical course. Cancer 44:1514–1516
Willis GW, Hajdu SI (1973) Histologically benign teratoid metastasis of testicular embryonal carcinoma. Am J Clin Path 59:338–343
Wilson ER, Takei Y, Bikoff WT, O’Brien MS, Tindall GT, Boehm WM (1979) Abdominal metastases of primary intracranial yolk sac tumors through ventriculoperitoneal shunts: Report of three cases. Neurosurgery 5:356–364
Wobbes Th, Schraffordt Koops H, Oldhoff J (1980) The relation between testicular tumours, undescended testes and inguinal hernias. J Surg Oncol 14:45–51
Wogalter H, Scofield GF (1962) Adult teratoma of the testicle metastasizing as adult teratoma. J Urol 87:573–576
Wolf A, Cowen D, Stewart WB (1954) Glioblastoma with extraneural metastases by way of ventriculopleural anastomosis. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 79:140–142
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 The HUMANA Press Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Oosterhuis, J.W. (1983). The Metastasis of Human Teratomas. In: Damjanov, I., Knowles, B.B., Solter, D. (eds) The Human Teratomas. Contemporary Biomedicine, vol 3. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5628-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5628-1_6
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5630-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5628-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive