Inorganic Contaminants of Surface Water pp 130-139 | Cite as
Cyanides
Chapter
Abstract
Cyanides are a group of inorganic and organic compounds that contain the cyano (CN) as an integral part of their structure. They exist in numerous forms, many with remarkably different environmental fate and toxicity. Some cyanides are highly reactive and exist only rarely in nature whereas others are moderately persistent and form inorganic complexes with metals.
Keywords
Environmental Protection Agency Potassium Cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide Cyanogenic Glycoside Sodium Cyanide
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Barron, M.G., and LR. Adelman. 1984. Nucleic acid, protein content, and growth of larval fish sublethally exposed to various toxicants. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 41:141–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Billard, R., and P. Roubaud. 1985. The effect of metals and cyanide on fertilization in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Water Research 19:209–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bright, J.E., and T.C. Marrs. 1988. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous potassium cyanide. Human Toxicology 7:183–186.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Broderius, S.J. 1973. Determination of molecular hydrocyanic acid in water, and studies of the chemistry and toxicity to fish of metal-cyanide complexes. Ph.D. thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 287 pp.Google Scholar
- Canadian Water Quality Guidelines. 1987. Canadian Council for Resource and Environment Ministers. Environment Canada, Ottawa.Google Scholar
- Da Costa, H., and S.M. Ruby. 1984. The effect of sublethal cyanide on vitello-genic parameters in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 13:101–104.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- DiGeronimo, M.J., and A.D. Antoine. 1976. Metabolism of acetonitrile and propi-onitrile by Nocardia rhodochrous. Applied Environmental Microbiology 31:900–906.Google Scholar
- Geller, W. 1984. A toxicity warning monitor using the weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus petersi. Water Research 18:1285-1290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hardy, R.W.F., and E. Knight. 1967. ATP-dependent reduction of azide and HCN by N2-fixing enzymes Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 139:69–90.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hazardous Waste Consultant. 1987. Using photozone to destroy cyanide wastes from electroplating processes. Hazardous Waste Consultant 5:8–10.Google Scholar
- Holden, A.V., and K. Marsden. 1964. Cyanide in salmon and brown trout. Freshwater and Salmon Fisheries Research, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Report Number 33, Edinburgh, Scotland.Google Scholar
- Howard, J.W., and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 3:325–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kononen, D.W. 1988. Acute toxicity of cyanogen chloride to Daphnia magna. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 41:371–377.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Marking, L.L., T.D. Bills, and J.R. Crowther. 1984. Effects of five diets on sensitivity of rainbow trout to eleven chemicals. Progressive Fish-Culturist 46:1–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Marrs, T.C., and J.E. Bright. 1987. Effect on blood and plasma cyanide levels and on methaemoglobin levels of cyanide administered with and without previous protection using PAPP. Human Toxicology 6:139–145.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- McGeachy, S.M., and G. Leduc. 1988. The influence of season and exercise on the lethal toxicity of cyanide to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 17:313–318.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Naquadat. 1985. National water quality data bank. Environment Canada, Ottawa.Google Scholar
- Osuntokun, B.O., G.L. Monekosso, and J. Wilson. 1969. Relationship of a degenerative tropical neuropathy to diet, report of a field study. British Medical Journal 1:547–550.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Pearson, D.E., and A.R. Bowers. 1988. An air stripping method for treatment of electroplating solutions. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials 5:85–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Pennington, C.H. 1982. Contaminant levels in fishes from Brown’s Lake, Mississippi. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Science 27:139–147.Google Scholar
- Purser, D.A., P. Grimshaw, and K.R. Berrill. 1984. Intoxication by cyanide in fires: a study in monkeys using polyacrylonitrile. Archives of Environmental Health 39:394–400.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Raymond, P., G. Leduc, and J.A. Kornblatt. 1986. Investigation sur la toxicody-namique du cyanure et sur sa biotransformation chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43:2017–2024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ruby, S.M., D.R. Idler, and Y.P. So. 1987. Changes in plasma, liver, and ovary vitellogenin in landlocked Atlantic salmon following exposure to sublethal cyanide. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 16:507–510.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Solbe, J.F. de L.G., V.A. Cooper, C.A. Willis, and M.J. Mallett. 1985. Effects of pollutants in fresh waters on European non-salmonid fish. I. Non-metals. Journal of Fish Biology 27(Suppl. A): 197–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Suter, G.W., and A.E. Rosen. 1988. Comparative toxicology and risk assessment of marine fishes and crustaceans. Environmental Science and Technology 22:548-556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- US Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Ambient water quality criteria for cyanide—1984. US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 440/5–84–028, Washington, DC. 59 pp.Google Scholar
- US Environmental Protection Agency. 1988. Gold/silver heap leaching and management practices that minimize the potential for cyanide releases. US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/600/2–88/002, Cincinnati, OH. 103 pp.Google Scholar
- US Environmental Protection Agency. 1989. Drinking water health advisories. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 107:1–184.Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. 1984. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. World Health Organization, Geneva.Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1991