Abstract
Extensor tendon injuries are common. They are diverse in nature. Their complexity is often underestimated and it is difficult to get consistently good results after their repair.
Keywords
Extensor tendon Extensor tendon repair Boutonniere Carducci’s test Mallet finger Elson’s test Boye’s test Sagittal bandReferences
- 1.Godwin Y, Ellis H. Distribution of extensor tendons on the dorsum of the hand. Clin Anat. 1992;5:394–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Wehbe M. Junctura anatomy. J Hand Surg. 1992;17A:1124–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.Ueba H, Moradi N, Erne HC, Gardner HR, Strauch RJ. An anatonic and biomechanical study of the oblique retinacular ligamant and its role in finger extension. J Hand Surg. 2011;36A:1959–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Zancolli E. The structural and dynamic bases of hand surgery. 2nd ed. J.B. Lippincott Company; Philadelphia and Toronto; 1979. p. 92–105.Google Scholar
- 5.Warren RA, Kay NRM, Norris SH. The microvascular anatomy of the distal digital extensor tendon. J Hand Surg. 1988;13B:161–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Elliot D, McGrouther DA. The excursions of the long extensor tendons of the hand. J Hand Surg. 1986;11B:77–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Carducci AT. Potential boutonniere deformity. Its recognition and treatment. Orthop Rev. 1981;10:121–3.Google Scholar
- 8.Elson RA. Rupture of the central slip of the extensor hood of the finger. A test for early diagnosis. J Bone Joint Surg. 1986;68B:229–31.Google Scholar
- 9.Boyes JH. Bunnell’s surgery of the hand. 5th ed. Philadelphia: JP Lippincott; 1970. p. 440–1.Google Scholar
- 10.Boyes JH. Bunnell’s surgery of the hand. 4th ed. Philadelphia: JP Lippincott; 1964.Google Scholar
- 11.Doyle JR. Extensor tendons- acute injuries. In: Green DP, editor. Operative hand surgery. 3rd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1993. p. 1925–54.Google Scholar
- 12.Crawford GP. The molded polythene splint for mallet finger deformities. J Hand Surg. 1984;9A:231–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Rayan RA, Mullins PT. Skin necrosis complicating mallet finger splinting and vascularity of the distal interphalangeal joint overlying skin. J Hand Surg. 1987;12A:548–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Burke F. Editorial. Mallet finger. J Hand Surg. 1988;13B:115–7.Google Scholar
- 15.Evans D, Weightman B. The pipflex splint for treatment of mallet finger. J Hand Surg. 1988;13B:156–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.Neichajev IA. Conservative and operative treatment of mallet finger. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;76:580–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.Stern PJ, Kastrup JJ. Complications and prognosis of treatment of mallet finger. J Hand Surg. 1988;13A:329–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.Webhe MA, Schneider LH. Mallet fractures. J Bone Joint Surg. 1984;66A:658–69.Google Scholar
- 19.Patel MR, Desai SS, Bassini –Lipson L. Conservative management of chronic mallet finger. J Hand Surg. 1986;11A:570–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.Stack HG. Mallet finger. Hand. 1969;1:83–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.Kleinman WB, Peterson DP. Oblique retinacular ligament reconstruction for chronic mallet finger deformity. J Hand Surg. 1984;9A:339–404.Google Scholar
- 22.Lucas GL. Fowler central slip tenotomy for old mallet deformity. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987;80:92–4.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.Bingham DL, Jack EA. “Buttonholed” extensor expansion. Br Med J. 1937;2:701.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.Zancolli E. The structural and dynamic bases of hand surgery. 2nd ed. J.B. Lippincott Company; Philadelphia and Toronto; 1979. p. 79–92.Google Scholar
- 25.Ishizuki M. Traumatic and spontaneous dislocation of extensor tendon of the long finger. J Hand Surg. 1990;15A:967–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.Catalano LW, Gupta S, Ragland R, Glickel SZ, Johnson C, Barron OA. Closed treatment of non rheumatoid extensor dislocations at the metacarpophalangeal joint. J Hand Surg. 2006;31A:242–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.Wheeldon FT. Recurrent dislocation of extensor tendons. J Bone Joint Surg. 1954;36B:612–7.Google Scholar
- 28.Carroll C, Moore JR, Weiland AJ. Posttraumatic ulnar subluxation of the extensor tendons: a reconstructive technique. J Hand Surg. 1987;12 A:227–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 29.Kleinert HE, Verdan C. Report of the committee on tendon injuries. J Hand Surg. 1983;8A:794–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 30.Newport ML, Pollack GR, Williams CD. Biomechanical characteristics of suture techniques in extensor Zone IV. J Hand Surg. 1995;20A:650–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 31.Henderson J. Epitendinous suture techniques in extensor tendon repairs- an experimental evaluation. J Hand Surg. 2011;36A:1968–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 32.Lee SK, Dubey A, Kim BH, Zingman A, Landa J, Paksima N. A biomechanical study of extensor tendon repair methods: introduction to the running-interlocking horizontal mattress extensor tendon repair technique. J Hand Surg. 2010;35A:19–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 33.Newport ML, Williams CD. Biomechanical characteristics of extensor tendon suture techniques. J Hand Surg. 1992;17A:1117–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 34.Ahmad F, Pickford M. Reconstruction of the extensor central slip using a distally based flexor digitorum superficialis slip. J Hand Surg. 2009;34A:930–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 35.Snow JW. Use of a retrograde tendon flap in repairing a severed tendon in the PIP joint area. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1973;51:555–8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 36.Aiche A, Barsky AJ, Weiner DL. Prevention of boutonniere deformity. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1979;46:164–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 37.Evans RB. Early active short arc motion for repaired central slip. J Hand Surg. 1994;19A:991–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 38.Newport ML, Blair WF, Steyers C. Long-term results of extensor tendon repair. J Hand Surg. 1990;15A:961–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 39.Miller H. Repair of severed tendons of the hand and wrist. Surg Gynaecol Obstet. 1942;75:693–8.Google Scholar
- 40.Bulstrode NW, Burr N, Pratt AL, Grobbelaar AO. Extensor tendon rehabilitation. J Hand Surg. 2005;30B:175–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 41.Chester DL, Beale S, Beveridge L, Nancarrow JD, Titley OG. A prospective, controlled, randomized trial comparing early active extension with passive extension using a dynamic splint in the rehabilitation of repaired extensor tendons. J Hand Surg. 2002;27B:283–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 42.Khandwala AR, Webb J, Harris SB, Foster AJ, Elliot DA. A comparison of dynamic extension splinting and controlled active mobilization of complete divisions of extensor tendons in zones 5 and 6. J Hand Surg. 2000;25B:140–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 43.Mowlavi A, Burns M, Brown RE. Dynamic versus static splinting of simple zone V and zone VI extensor tendon repairs: a prospective randomized, controlled study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;1154:482–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer-Verlag London 2015