Computational Ocean Acoustics pp 611-660 | Cite as
Broadband Modeling
Chapter
First Online:
Abstract
While time-series analysis and modeling has always been the approach used by geophysicists for studying low-frequency seismic wave propagation in the Earth’s crust, underwater acousticians have traditionally favored spectral analysis techniques, which only provide information about the band-averaged energy distribution in space. There are several reasons for choosing this approach in ocean acoustics. Most importantly, the ocean is characterized by high temporal variability, which causes strong (and unpredictable) signal fluctuations for long-range propagation at traditional sonar frequencies. At best, only the mean signal energy seems to have a predictable behavior at these frequencies. However, for some years now, the trend in sonar development has been toward lower frequencies, which should lead to both higher signal stability and better predictability. Consequently, the powerful time-series analysis techniques of geophysics may well become a valuable tool also for studying the complex propagation situations encountered in the ocean.
Keywords
Sound Speed Frequency Doppler Shift Fourier Synthesis Head Wave Stoneley Wave
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
- 1.J.E. Murphy, Finite-difference treatment of a time-domain parabolic equation: Theory. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77, 1958–1960 (1985)ADSMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.L. Nghiem-Phu, F.D. Tappert, Modeling of reciprocity in the time domain using the parabolic equation method. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 164–171 (1985)ADSMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.B.E. McDonald, W.A. Kuperman, Time domain formulation for pulse propagation including nonlinear behavior at a caustic. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81, 1406–1417 (1987)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.M.D. Collins, The time-domain solution of the wide-angle parabolic equation including the effects of sediment dispersion. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 2114–2125 (1988)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.M.D. Collins, Applications and time-domain solution of higher-order parabolic equations in underwater acoustics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 1097–1102 (1989)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.M.B. Porter, The time-marched fast-field program (FFP) for modeling acoustic pulse propagation. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87, 2013–2083 (1990)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.A.V. Oppenheim, R.W. Schafer, Discrete-Time Signal Processing (Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1989)MATHGoogle Scholar
- 8.H. Schmidt, G. Tango, Efficient global matrix approach to the computation of synthetic seismograms. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 84, 331–359 (1986)Google Scholar
- 9.S. Mallick, L.N. Frazer, Practical aspects of reflectivity modeling. Geophysics 52, 1355–1364 (1987)Google Scholar
- 10.I. Tolstoy, Phase changes and pulse deformation in acoustics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 44, 675–683 (1968)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.G.B. Whitham, Linear and Nonlinear Waves (Wiley, New York, 1973), pp. 235–247Google Scholar
- 12.P.M. Morse, H. Feshbach, Methods of Theoretical Physics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1953), pp. 138–141MATHGoogle Scholar
- 13.A.D. Pierce, Acoustics: An Introduction to Its Physical Principles and Applications (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1989)Google Scholar
- 14.A.N. Guthrie, R.M. Fitzgerald, D.A. Nutile, J.D. Shaffer, Long-range low-frequency CW propagation in the deep ocean: Antigua–Newfoundland. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 58–69 (1974)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.K.E. Hawker, A normal mode theory of acoustic Doppler effects in the oceanic waveguide. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65, 675–681 (1979)ADSMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.H. Schmidt, W.A. Kuperman, Spectral and modal representations of the Doppler-shifted field in ocean waveguides. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 386–395 (1994)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.P.M. Morse, K.U. Ingard, Theoretical Acoustics (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1968), pp. 364–365Google Scholar
- 18.J.A. Fawcett, B.H. Maranda, A hybrid target motion analysis ∕ matched-field processing localization method. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94, 1363–1371 (1993)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.M.E. Dougherty, R.A. Stephen, Seismic energy partitioning and scattering in laterally heterogeneous ocean crust. Pure Appl. Geophys. 128, 195–229 (1988)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.K. Aki, P.G. Richards, Quantitative Seismology (Freeman, New York, 1980), pp. 211–214Google Scholar
- 21.R.H. Ferris, Comparison of measured and calculated normal-mode amplitude functions for acoustic waves in shallow water. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 52, 981–988 (1972)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.F. Sturm, Numerical study of broadband sound pulse propagation in three-dimensional oceanic waveguides. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 1058–1079 (2005)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.W.M. Ewing, W.S. Jardetzky, F. Press, Elastic Waves in Layered Media (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957)MATHGoogle Scholar
- 24.B. Schmalfeldt, D. Rauch, Explosion-generated seismic interface waves in shallow water: Experimental results. Rep. SR-71. SACLANT Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy, 1983Google Scholar
- 25.A. Dziewonski, S. Block, M. Landisman, A technique for the analysis of transient seismic signals. Bull. Seis. Soc. Am. 59, 427–444 (1969)Google Scholar
- 26.E.L. Hamilton, Geoacoustic modeling of the seafloor. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68, 1313–1340 (1980)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.B.E. Miller, H. Schmidt, Observation and inversion of seismo-acoustic waves in a complex Arctic ice environment. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89, 1668–1685 (1991)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 28.R.D. Mindlin, An Introduction to Mathematical Theory of Vibration of Elastic Plates (U.S. Army Signal Corps. Engineering Laboratories, Fort Monmouth, NY, 1955)Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011