Clock Generation and Calibration

Abstract

The operation of the baseband units of a passive wireless microsystem and the up-link from the microsystem to its base station are controlled by its system clock. To ensure a reliable communications between the microsystem and its base station, a stringent requirement on the frequency of the system clock exists. For example, EPC radio-frequency identity protocols class-1 generation-2 UHF RFID protocols require that the accuracy of the frequency of the backscattered data be upper-bounded by±4% [53]. Often, the system clock of a passive wireless microsystem is generated by a local oscillator residing in the microsystem.