Energy Loss Near-Edge Structures

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Abstract

One of the main advantages of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is the capability of recording a number of signals at the location of the electron beam, including characteristic X-rays and the measurement of the distribution of energy lost by the primary electron beam. Due to their importance in materials research, the use of these two techniques, known in general as “analytical electron microscopy,” has been the topic of extended reviews and monographs (Botton 2008, Joy et al. 1986, Sigle 2005, Williams and Carter 1996). In general these techniques are used, primarily, to extract local information on the composition of the sample with a resolution limited in part by the delocalization of the signal due to the long-range interaction discussed in  Chapter 6 of this book and in part by the broadening of the beam due to the sample thickness. In this chapter, we will focus on the particular subset of analytical signals that allow the extraction of information on the chemical environment of the atoms probed by the fast primary electron beam. Such information is mainly provided in STEM by Energy Loss Near Edge Structures.

Keywords

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Excited Atom Core State Core Hole Unoccupied State 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge M. Couillard and P. Schattschneider for their helpful proofreading of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanoscience de ProvenceUMR CNRS 6242, Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille IIIMarseilleFrance
  2. 2.Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada

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