Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Pain in Women pp 237–253Cite as

Immune Consequences of Early Life Stress: Relationship to Chronic Pain Syndromes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Although a strong connection between chronic pain and mental health disorders has long been recognized by clinicians, by researchers, and even by many patients themselves, the specific nature of this relationship has been poorly understood. Clinicians’ assumptions about the direction of causality between psychiatric syndromes and physical symptoms can greatly impact quality of patient evaluation and perhaps lead to suboptimal treatment of the patient presenting with pain. Patients’ concerns about the clinician’s assumptions with regard to these issues may lead to underreporting of important and relevant history or symptoms, which in turn may also promote suboptimal care. The common copresentation of chronic pain syndromes and mental health conditions may leave the clinician struggling with a which came first? mindset. Do mental illnesses cause the onset of physical pains or impair one’s ability to cope with physical symptoms? Or, alternatively, does unrelenting physical discomfort lead to the onset of psychological symptoms and the development of psychiatric disorders such as major depression? A clinician’s approach to the patient and choice of interventions may be dramatically altered when working with the understanding that a shared biological etiopathology can produce either a chronic pain syndrome or a psychiatric disorder or, perhaps more commonly, a presentation with features of both these conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Taylor SE. Mechanisms linking early life stress to adult health outcomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107(19):8507–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tietjen GE, Brandes JL, Peterlin BL, et al. Childhood maltreatment and migraine (part III). Association with comorbid pain conditions. Headache. 2010;50(1):42–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Chitkara DK, van Tilburg MA, Blois-Martin N, Whitehead WE. Early life risk factors that contribute to irritable bowel syndrome in adults: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(3):765–74. quiz 775.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Barreau F, Ferrier L, Fioramonti J, Bueno L. New insights in the etiology and pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome: contribution of neonatal stress models. Pediatr Res. 2007;62(3):240–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lee YR. Fibromyalgia and childhood abuse: exploration of stress reactivity as a developmental mediator. Dev Rev. 2010;30(3):294–307.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Mayson BE, Teichman JM. The relationship between sexual abuse and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Curr Urol Rep. 2009;10(6):441–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Randolph ME, Reddy DM. Sexual abuse and sexual functioning in a chronic pelvic pain sample. J Child Sex Abus. 2006;15(3):61–78.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Nicolson NA, Davis MC, Kruszewski D, Zautra AJ. Childhood maltreatment and diurnal cortisol patterns in women with chronic pain. Psychosom Med. 2010;72(5):471–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hassett AL, Clauw DJ. The role of stress in rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(3):123.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dube SR, Fairweather D, Pearson WS, Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Croft JB. Cumulative childhood stress and autoimmune diseases in adults. Psychosom Med. 2009;71(2):243–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Handa M, Nukina H, Hosoi M, Kubo C. Childhood physical abuse in outpatients with psychosomatic symptoms. Biopsychosoc Med. 2008;2:8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Lansford JE, Dodge KA, Pettit GS, Bates JE. Does physical abuse in early childhood predict substance use in adolescence and early adulthood? Child Maltreat. 2010;15(2):190–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Rubino IA, Nanni RC, Pozzi DM, Siracusano A. Early adverse experiences in schizophrenia and unipolar depression. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2009;197(1):65–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Spinhoven P, Elzinga BM, Hovens JG, et al. The specificity of childhood adversities and negative life events across the life span to anxiety and depressive disorders. J Affect Disord. 2010;126(1–2):103–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Arseneault L, Cannon M, Fisher HL, Polanczyk G, Moffitt TE, Caspi A. Childhood trauma and children’s emerging psychotic symptoms: a genetically sensitive longitudinal cohort study. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(1):65–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. McCauley J, Kern DE, Kolodner K, et al. Clinical characteristics of women with a history of childhood abuse: unhealed wounds. JAMA. 1997;277(17):1362–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Goldberg RT, Pachas WN, Keith D. Relationship between traumatic events in childhood and chronic pain. Disabil Rehabil. 1999;21(1):23–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Winfield JB. Psychological determinants of fibromyalgia and related syndromes. Curr Rev Pain. 2000;4(4):276–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gunnar MR, Quevedo KM. Early care experiences and HPA axis regulation in children: a mechanism for later trauma vulnerability. Prog Brain Res. 2008;167:137–49.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Phillips DI. Programming of the stress response: a fundamental mechanism underlying the long-term effects of the fetal environment? J Intern Med. 2007;261(5):453–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Carroll JE, Low CA, Prather AA, et al. Negative affective responses to a speech task predict changes in interleukin (IL)-6. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25(2):232–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Carpenter LL, Gawuga CE, Tyrka AR, Lee JK, Anderson GM, Price LH. Association between plasma IL-6 response to acute stress and early-life adversity in healthy adults. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(13):2617–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Parham P. The immune system. 3rd ed. London/New York: Garland Science; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Murphy KP. Janeway’s immunobiology. 7th ed. Kenneth Murphy, Paul Travers, Mark Walport; with contributions by Michael Ehrenstein [et al.]. xi, 887 p ed. New York: Garland Science; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Cellular and molecular immunology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier; 2007. viii, 566 p ed.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kaushansky K, Lichtman M, Beutler E, Kipps T, Prchal J, Seligsohn U. Williams hematology. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Halter J, Ouslander J, Tinetti M, et al. Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology. 6th ed. In: Jeffrey B. Halter … [et al.]. editors. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Pub. Division; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kajantie E, Raikkonen K. Early life predictors of the physiological stress response later in life. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010;35(1):23–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Miller GE, Chen E, Fok AK, et al. Low early-life social class leaves a biological residue manifested by decreased glucocorticoid and increased proinflammatory signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(34):14716–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Heim C, Newport DJ, Heit S, et al. Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood. JAMA. 2000;284(5):592–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Carpenter LL, Shattuck TT, Tyrka AR, Geracioti TD, Price LH. Effect of childhood physical abuse on cortisol stress response. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 2011;214(1):367–75.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Turner-Cobb JM, Osborn M, da Silva L, Keogh E, Jessop DS. Sex differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in patients with chronic pain syndrome. Stress. 2010;13(4):292–300.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Sjors A, Larsson B, Karlson B, Osterberg K, Dahlman J, Gerdle B. Salivary cortisol response to acute stress and its relation to psychological factors in women with chronic trapezius myalgia—a pilot study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010;35(5):674–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kuehl LK, Michaux GP, Richter S, Schachinger H, Anton F. Increased basal mechanical pain sensitivity but decreased perceptual wind-up in a human model of relative hypocortisolism. Pain. 2010;149(3):539–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. McEwen BS, Kalia M. The role of corticosteroids and stress in chronic pain conditions. Metabolism. 2010;59 Suppl 1:S9–15.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Holmes MC, Sangra M, French KL, et al. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 protects the neonatal cerebellum from deleterious effects of glucocorticoids. Neuroscience. 2006;137(3):865–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Dovio A, Roveda E, Sciolla C, et al. Intense physical exercise increases systemic 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in healthy adult subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(4):681–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Staab CA, Maser E. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is an important regulator at the interface of obesity and inflammation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010;119(1–2): 56–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. MacLullich AM, Ferguson KJ, Reid LM, et al. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, brain atrophy and cognitive decline. Neurobiol Aging. 2012;33(1):207 e201–8.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Menzies V, Lyon DE. Integrated review of the association of cytokines with fibromyalgia and fibromyalgia core symptoms. Biol Res Nurs. 2010;11(4):387–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Turnbull AV, Rivier CL. Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by cytokines: actions and mechanisms of action. Physiol Rev. 1999;79(1):1–71.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Raison CL, Borisov AS, Woolwine BJ, Massung B, Vogt G, Miller AH. Interferon-alpha effects on diurnal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity: relationship with proinflammatory cytokines and behavior. Mol Psychiatry. 2010;15(5):535–47.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Danese A, Pariante CM, Caspi A, Taylor A, Poulton R. Childhood maltreatment predicts adult inflammation in a life-course study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104(4):1319–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Danese A, Moffitt TE, Pariante CM, Ambler A, Poulton R, Caspi A. Elevated inflammation levels in depressed adults with a history of childhood maltreatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(4):409–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Cancello R, Clement K. Is obesity an inflammatory illness? Role of low-grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in human white adipose tissue. BJOG. 2006;113(10):1141–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Kolb H, Mandrup-Poulsen T. The global diabetes epidemic as a consequence of lifestyle-induced low-grade inflammation. Diabetologia. 2010;53(1):10–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Shelton RC, Miller AH. Eating ourselves to death (and despair): the contribution of adiposity and inflammation to depression. Prog Neurobiol. 2010;91(4):275–99.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Bradesi S, Mayer EA. Experimental models of stress and pain: do they help to develop new therapies? Dig Dis. 2009;27 Suppl 1:55–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Sluka KA. Is it possible to develop an animal model of fibromyalgia? Pain. 2009;146(1–2): 3–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Khasar SG, Dina OA, Green PG, Levine JD. Sound stress-induced long-term enhancement of mechanical hyperalgesia in rats is maintained by sympathoadrenal catecholamines. J Pain. 2009;10(10):1073–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Nishiyori M, Nagai J, Nakazawa T, Ueda H. Absence of morphine analgesia and its underlying descending serotonergic activation in an experimental mouse model of fibromyalgia. Neurosci Lett. 2010;472(3):184–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Bardin L, Malfetes N, Newman-Tancredi A, Depoortere R. Chronic restraint stress induces mechanical and cold allodynia, and enhances inflammatory pain in rat: relevance to human stress-associated painful pathologies. Behav Brain Res. 2009;205(2):360–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Heim C, Nemeroff CB. Neurobiology of early life stress: clinical studies. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2002;7(2):147–59.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Schmidt MV. Molecular mechanisms of early life stress—lessons from mouse models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010;34(6):845–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Gorman JM, Mathew S, Coplan J. Neurobiology of early life stress: nonhuman primate models. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2002;7(2):96–103.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Gutman DA, Nemeroff CB. Neurobiology of early life stress: rodent studies. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2002;7(2):89–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Weaver SA, Diorio J, Meaney MJ. Maternal separation leads to persistent reductions in pain sensitivity in female rats. J Pain. 2007;8(12):962–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Dickinson AL, Leach MC, Flecknell PA. Influence of early neonatal experience on nociceptive responses and analgesic effects in rats. Lab Anim. 2009;43(1):11–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. de Medeiros CB, Fleming AS, Johnston CC, Walker CD. Artificial rearing of rat pups reveals the beneficial effects of mother care on neonatal inflammation and adult sensitivity to pain. Pediatr Res. 2009;66(3):272–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Uhelski ML, Fuchs PN. Maternal separation stress leads to enhanced emotional responses to noxious stimuli in adult rats. Behav Brain Res. 2010;212(2):208–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Mayer EA. Clinical practice. Irritable bowel syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(16):1692–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Mertz HR. Irritable bowel syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(22):2136–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Ohman L, Simren M. Pathogenesis of IBS: role of inflammation, immunity and neuroimmune interactions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;7(3):163–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Savignac HM, Hyland NP, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. The effects of repeated social interaction stress on behavioural & physiological parameters in a stress-sensitive mouse strain. Behav Brain Res. 2011;216(2):576–84.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Elsenbruch S. Abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome: a review of putative psychological, neural and neuro-immune mechanisms. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25(3):386–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Lea R, Whorwell PJ. New insights into the psychosocial aspects of irritable bowel syndrome. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2003;5(4):343–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Goodwin RD, Hoven CW, Murison R, Hotopf M. Association between childhood physical abuse and gastrointestinal disorders and migraine in adulthood. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(7):1065–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Han C, Masand PS, Krulewicz S, et al. Childhood abuse and treatment response in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a post-hoc analysis of a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine controlled release. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2009;34(1): 79–88.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Chang L, Sundaresh S, Elliott J, et al. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2009;21(2):149–59.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Videlock EJ, Adeyemo M, Licudine A, et al. Childhood trauma is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(6):1954–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Carpenter LL, Tyrka AR, Ross NS, Khoury L, Anderson GM, Price LH. Effect of childhood emotional abuse and age on cortisol responsivity in adulthood. Biol Psychiatry. 2009;66(1): 69–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Tyrka AR, Wier L, Price LH, et al. Childhood parental loss and adult hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;63(12):1147–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Liebregts T, Adam B, Bredack C, et al. Immune activation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(3):913–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Elsenbruch S, Lucas A, Holtmann G, et al. Public speaking stress-induced neuroendocrine responses and circulating immune cell redistribution in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(10):2300–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Kindt S, Van Oudenhove L, Broekaert D, et al. Immune dysfunction in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2009;21(4):389–98.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Scully P, McKernan DP, Keohane J, et al. Plasma cytokine profiles in females with irritable bowel syndrome and extra-intestinal co-morbidity. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(10):2235–43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Mayer EA, Collins SM. Evolving pathophysiologic models of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2002;122(7):2032–48.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Clarke G, Quigley EM, Cryan JF, Dinan TG. Irritable bowel syndrome: towards biomarker identification. Trends Mol Med. 2009;15(10):478–89.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Chung EK, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang H, Xu H, Bian Z. Neonatal maternal separation enhances central sensitivity to noxious colorectal distention in rat. Brain Res. 2007;1153:68–77.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Ren TH, Wu J, Yew D, et al. Effects of neonatal maternal separation on neurochemical and sensory response to colonic distension in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007;292(3):G849–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. O’Mahony SM, Marchesi JR, Scully P, et al. Early life stress alters behavior, immunity, and microbiota in rats: implications for irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric illnesses. Biol Psychiatry. 2009;65(3):263–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. O’Malley D, Liston M, Hyland NP, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Colonic soluble mediators from the maternal separation model of irritable bowel syndrome activate submucosal neurons via an interleukin-6-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;300(2):G241–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. O’Mahony SM, Bulmer DC, Coelho AM, et al. 5-HT(2B) receptors modulate visceral hypersensitivity in a stress-sensitive animal model of brain-gut axis dysfunction. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2010;22(5):573–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. O’Malley D, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Alterations in colonic corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the maternally separated rat model of irritable bowel syndrome: differential effects of acute psychological and physical stressors. Peptides. 2010;31(4):662–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. O’Mahony L, McCarthy J, Kelly P, et al. Lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in irritable bowel syndrome: symptom responses and relationship to cytokine profiles. Gastroenterology. 2005;128(3):541–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Cremon C, Gargano L, Morselli-Labate AM, et al. Mucosal immune activation in irritable bowel syndrome: gender-dependence and association with digestive symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(2):392–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Barreau F, Cartier C, Leveque M, et al. Pathways involved in gut mucosal barrier dysfunction induced in adult rats by maternal deprivation: corticotrophin-releasing factor and nerve growth factor interplay. J Physiol. 2007;580(Pt 1):347–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. McKernan DP, Nolan A, Brint EK, et al. Toll-like receptor mRNA expression is selectively increased in the colonic mucosa of two animal models relevant to irritable bowel syndrome. PLoS One. 2009;4(12):e8226.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Fritz JH, Le Bourhis L, Sellge G, et al. Nod1-mediated innate immune recognition of ­peptidoglycan contributes to the onset of adaptive immunity. Immunity. 2007;26(4):445–59.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Michelsen KS, Arditi M. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity in gut homeostasis and pathology. Curr Opin Hematol. 2007;14(1):48–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Dinan TG, Quigley EM, Ahmed SM, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gut axis dysregulation in irritable bowel syndrome: plasma cytokines as a potential biomarker? Gastroenterology. 2006;130(2):304–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33(2):160–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Clauw DJ. Fibromyalgia: an overview. Am J Med. 2009;122(12 Suppl):S3–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Weir PT, Harlan GA, Nkoy FL, et al. The incidence of fibromyalgia and its associated comorbidities: a population-based retrospective cohort study based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes. J Clin Rheumatol. 2006;12(3):124–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Macfarlane TV, Blinkhorn A, Worthington HV, Davies RM, Macfarlane GJ. Sex hormonal factors and chronic widespread pain: a population study among women. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41(4):454–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Boisset-Pioro MH, Esdaile JM, Fitzcharles MA. Sexual and physical abuse in women with fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(2):235–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Carpenter MT, Hugler R, Enzenauer RJ, Des Rosier KF, Brehm WT. Physical and sexual abuse in female patients with fibromyalgia. J Clin Rheumatol. 1998;4(6):301–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Maletic V, Raison CL. Neurobiology of depression, fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain. Front Biosci. 2009;14:5291–338.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. DeSantana JM, Sluka KA. Central mechanisms in the maintenance of chronic widespread noninflammatory muscle pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2008;12(5):338–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Meeus M, Nijs J. Central sensitization: a biopsychosocial explanation for chronic widespread pain in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26(4): 465–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Schweinhardt P, Sauro KM, Bushnell MC. Fibromyalgia: a disorder of the brain? Neuroscientist. 2008;14(5):415–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Di Franco M, Iannuccelli C, Valesini G. Neuroendocrine immunology of fibromyalgia. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1193:84–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Tanriverdi F, Karaca Z, Unluhizarci K, Kelestimur F. The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome. Stress. 2007;10(1):13–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Parker AJ, Wessely S, Cleare AJ. The neuroendocrinology of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Psychol Med. 2001;31(8):1331–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Gur A, Oktayoglu P. Status of immune mediators in fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2008;12(3):175–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Hernanz W, Valenzuela A, Quijada J, et al. Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with primary fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 1994;21(11):2122–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Wallace DJ, Peter J, Bowman RL, Wormsley SB, Silverman S. Fibromyalgia, cytokines, fatigue syndromes and immune regulation. In: Fricton JR, Awad E, editors. Advances in pain research and therapy, vol. 17. New York: Raven; 1990. p. 227–87.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Hernandez ME, Becerril E, Perez M, et al. Proinflammatory cytokine levels in fibromyalgia patients are independent of body mass index. BMC Res Notes. 2010;3(1):156.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Bonaccorso S, Lin AH, Verkerk R, et al. Immune markers in fibromyalgia: comparison with major depressed patients and normal volunteers. J Affect Disord. 1998;48(1):75–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Wallace DJ. Is there a role for cytokine based therapies in fibromyalgia. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(1):17–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Uceyler N, Valenza R, Stock M, Schedel R, Sprotte G, Sommer C. Reduced levels of antiinflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic widespread pain. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(8):2656–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Togo F, Natelson BH, Adler GK, et al. Plasma cytokine fluctuations over time in healthy controls and patients with fibromyalgia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2009;234(2):232–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Iannuccelli C, Di Franco M, Alessandri C, et al. Pathophysiology of fibromyalgia: a comparison with the tension-type headache, a localized pain syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1193: 78–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Tietjen GE, Brandes JL, Peterlin BL, et al. Childhood maltreatment and migraine (part II). Emotional abuse as a risk factor for headache chronification. Headache. 2010;50(1):32–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Ortega E, Garcia JJ, Bote ME, et al. Exercise in fibromyalgia and related inflammatory disorders: known effects and unknown chances. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2009;15:42–65.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Ortega E, Hinchado MD, Martin-Cordero L, Asea A. The effect of stress-inducible extracellular Hsp72 on human neutrophil chemotaxis: a role during acute intense exercise. Stress. 2009;12(3):240–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Zautra AJ, Davis MC, Reich JW, et al. Comparison of cognitive behavioral and mindfulness meditation interventions on adaptation to rheumatoid arthritis for patients with and without history of recurrent depression. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008;76(3):408–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Pace TW, Negi LT, Adame DD, et al. Effect of compassion meditation on neuroendocrine, innate immune and behavioral responses to psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34(1):87–98.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Arranz L, De Castro NM, Baeza I, Mate I, Viveros MP, De la Fuente M. Environmental enrichment improves age-related immune system impairment: long-term exposure since adulthood increases life span in mice. Rejuvenation Res. 2010;13(4):415–28.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Zobel I, Kech S, van Calker D, et al. Long-term effect of combined interpersonal psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in a randomized trial of depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2011;123(4):276–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Nemeroff CB, Heim CM, Thase ME, et al. Differential responses to psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic forms of major depression and childhood trauma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100(24):14293–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F, Cazzola M. Neuroendocrine therapy of fibromyalgia syndrome: an update. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1193(1):91–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Van Houdenhove B, Kempke S, Luyten P. Psychiatric aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2010;12(3):208–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Gosselin RD, O’Connor RM, Tramullas M, Julio-Pieper M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Riluzole normalizes early-life stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats: role of spinal glutamate reuptake mechanisms. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(7):2418–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brown Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI, 02906, USA

    Linda L. Carpenter M.D. & Cyrena E. Gawuga B.S.

Authors
  1. Linda L. Carpenter M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cyrena E. Gawuga B.S.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Linda L. Carpenter M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Spaulding Rehabiliation Hospital, Nashua Street 125, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA

    Allison Bailey

  2. , Departments of Anesthesia, Neurology, Cr, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, H, One Brookline Place, Suite 105, Brookline, 02445-7294, USA

    Carolyn Bernstein

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Carpenter, L.L., Gawuga, C.E. (2013). Immune Consequences of Early Life Stress: Relationship to Chronic Pain Syndromes. In: Bailey, A., Bernstein, C. (eds) Pain in Women. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7113-5_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7113-5_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-7112-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-7113-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation